화장의 사회·심리적 기대효과가 여대생의 자아존중감 및 화장행동에 미치는 영향
- Abstract
- 본 연구는 여대생을 대상으로 화장의 사회·심리적 기대효과가 자아존중감과 화장행동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 파악하는데 목적이 있다.
연구의 조사 방법으로 설문지법을 사용하였으며 사용된 측정항목에 대해 타당성과 신뢰성을 검증하였다. 화장의 사회·심리적 기대효과는 자신감 향상, 적극성 상승, 타인의식, 자기가치 표현, 변화의 즐거움의 5가지 하위요인으로 구성하였고 자아존중감은 긍정적 자아존중감과 부정적 자아존중감으로 나누었으며 화장행동은 유행성, 동조성, 주관성, 도구성, 대인지향의 5가지 하위요인으로 구성하여 사용하였다.
인구통계학적 변인은 학년, 전공, 한 달 용돈 수입, 한 달 화장 관리비용으로 조사하였다. 자료 수집기간은 2019년 2월 25일부터 2019년 3월 8일까지 서울 수도권에 거주하는 여대생 총 395명을 대상으로 진행하였다. 통계처리는 SPSS 25.0을 이용하여 빈도분석, 신뢰도분석, 요인분석, 분산분석, 상관분석, 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다.
본 연구의 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다.
첫째, 여대생의 인구통계학적 특성을 살펴본 결과, 학년 분포도는 4학년이 가장 많았고 전공을 살펴보면 계열별 차이가 크지 않았으나 인문사회계열이 가장 높았다. 한 달 평균 용돈 수입을 살펴보면 60만 원 이상이 가장 많았으며 40만 원 이상∼50만 원 미만 순으로 높게 나타났다. 한 달 평균 화장 관리비용은 10만 원 미만의 비율이 가장 높았다.
둘째, 인구통계적 변인에 따른 차이에서 화장의 사회·심리적 기대효과의 학년, 전공, 한 달 평균수입, 한 달 평균 화장 관리비용에 모두 차이가 있었으며 자아존중감은 학년과 한 달 평균 용돈 수입에 따라 긍정적 자아존중감에만 차이가 있었으며 나머지 변인에는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 화장행동의 경우 학년과 전공 모두 각 집단별로 화장행동에 차이가 없었으며 한 달 평균 용돈 수입과 한 달 평균 화장관리비용은 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다.
셋째, 전체 신뢰도 계수에 있어서 화장의 사회·심리적 기대효과는 0.868, 자아존중감 0.892, 화장행동 0.845로 나타나 매우 높은 신뢰도를 보였다.
넷째, 화장의 사회·심리적 기대효과, 자아존중감, 화장행동간의 상관관계를 살펴본 결과, 화장의 사회·심리적 기대효과 중 자기가치표현과 적극성 상승, 타인의식 요인은 자아존중감에 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 자아존중감 중 긍정적 자아존중감은 화장행동에 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났으며 부정적 자아존중감은 화장행동 중 동조성에 대해서만 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 나머지 요인에 대해서는 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다.
다섯째, 화장의 사회·심리적 기대효과가 자아존중감에 미치는 영향은 긍정적 자아존중감과 부정적 자아존중감 두 가지 하위변인으로 살펴보았고, 화장의 사회·심리적 기대효과 중에서 자신감 향상은 긍정적 자아존중감과 부정적 자아존중감에 모두 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 긍정적 자아존중감은 화장의 사회·심리적 기대효과 중에서 변화의 즐거움이 정적 상관관계로 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.
여섯째, 화장의 사회·심리적 기대효과가 화장행동에 미치는 영향은 동조성, 도구성, 대인지향, 유행성, 주관성의 5개 하위변인으로 분석되었다. 화장행동의 하위변인인 유행성에는 화장의 사회·심리적 기대효과 중 타인의식, 자기가치 표현, 변화의 즐거움이 긍정적인 영향을 주었고 동조성 요인에는 타인의식과 적극성의 상승이, 주관성 요인에는 적극성의 상승, 자기가치 표현, 변화의 즐거움이, 대인지향에는 타인의식이, 그리고 도구성에는 자기가치 표현과 변화의 즐거움이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.
일곱째, 자아존중감이 화장행동에 미치는 영향은 오직 부정적 자아존중감만이 동조성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다.
이상의 결과를 종합적으로 볼 때 시대·문화적으로 변해가는 미의 기준의 흐름과 함께 살아가고 있는 여대생의 화장에 대한 사회·심리적 기대효과는 자아존중감에는 그 영향이 미미하지만 화장행동에는 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있다.
특히 화장의 사회·심리적 기대효과 중 자기가치표현, 변화의 즐거움과 타인의식이 화장 행동에 가장 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 많은 여대생이 화장으로 사회적 상호작용을 강화하고 자신을 나타낼 뿐만 아니라 자기만족을 얻음과 동시에 사회적 역할을 인식하는 도구로 사용한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 즉, 화장 행동은 사회·심리적 기대효과에 따라 차이가 있을 뿐만 아니라 자신에 대한 만족감 및 사회적 적극성을 높여주는 사회적 의미가 반영된 것으로 보인다. 하지만 단순히 타인의 시선을 의식함에 따라 하는 화장행동의 요인 대다수는 유의하지 않거나 유의성이 미미한 것으로 나타나 탈코르셋과 같은 미에 대한 자유를 외치는 사회·문화적 현상이 여대생에게 실질적으로 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 보인다.|This study aims to analyze the effect of social/psychological expectancy effects of cosmetics on self-esteem and make-up behavior of female university students.
Methodology of the study was through questionnaires and reliability and accuracy of measurement components were proven. Social/psychological expectancy effects of cosmetics were made up of 5 lower factors ? being more active, higher confidence, being conscious of others, self-expression and joy from change. Make-up behavior was also made up of 5 lower factors ? trend, synchronism, subjectivity, instrumentality and personal relations directivity.
Demographic variables analyzed included year of study, major, income per month and cost of make-up per month. The survey was conducted on 395 female university students living in Seoul area from 25th February, 2019 to 8th March, 2019. Statistical analysis was carried out by SPSS 25.0, which included frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, variance analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis.
The results of this study are as follows.
Firstly, the demography of female university students showed that the highest number of students were in their 4th year of study. There was a relatively even distribution of majors, but still, most number of students were studying humanities. When income per month was examined, most number of students received 600,000 won per month, followed by 400,000-500,000won per month. Most number of students spent less than 100,000won on make-up per month.
Secondly, demographic factors of social/psychological expectancy effects such as year of study, major, income per month and make-up costs per month were all different. In case of self-esteem, only positive self-esteem was effected by year of study and income per month, whereas other factors did not have an effect. In case of make-up behavior, year of study and major did not have an effect but income per month and make-up costs per month did.
Thirdly, in terms of realibility coefficient, social/psychological expectancy effects had 0.868, self-esteem had 0.892 and make-up behavior had 0.845, all of which shows high reliability.
Fourthly, when examining the correlation between social/pscyhological expenctacy effects, self-esteem and make-up behavior, self-expression, being more active and being conscious of others did not have a significant correlation with self-esteem. Positive self-esteem was unrelated to make-up behavior, whereas negative self-esteem had a significant effect on synchronism only.
Fifthly, the effect of social/psychological expenctancy effects on self-esteem was examined under two lower factors ? positive and negative self-esteem. Increase in confidence (a lower factor of social.psychological expenctancy effects) was shown to have an effect on both positive and negative self-esteem. Positive self-esteem was also shown to correlate positively with joy of change.
Sixthly, the effect of social/psychological expectancy effects on make-up behavior was analyzed under 5 lower factors - trend, synchronism, subjectivity, instrumentality and personal relations directivity. Being conscious of others, self-expression and joy of change had a positive effect on trend. Being conscious of others and being more active had a positive effect on synchronism, whereas being more active, self-expression and joy of change had an effect on subjectivity. Being conscious of others also had an effect on personal relations directivity, and self-expression and joy of change had an effect on instrumentality.
Lastly, only negative self-esteem was shown to effect synchronism.
In conclusion, to female university students living in a world of changing standards of beauty and trends, the social/psychological expentancy effects of cosmetics have negligible effects on self-esteem but have a significant effect on make-up behavior.
It was shown that self-expression, joy of change and being conscious of others had the most significant effect in make-up behavior. This shows that many female university students use make-up to strengthen their social interactions and to express themselves, as well as using it as a tool for self-satisfaction and perceiving their social role. In other words, make-up behavior depends on social/psychological expectancy effects and it also reflects social meanings such as increasing self-satisfaction and social activity. However, many of the make-up behavior factors driven by others were shown to have negligible significance. This shows how social/cultural movements such as corset-free movement, which strives for freedom of beauty, having practical impacts on female university students.
- Author(s)
- 임혜영
- Issued Date
- 2019
- Awarded Date
- 2019-08
- Type
- Dissertation
- URI
- https://repository.sungshin.ac.kr/handle/2025.oak/7314
http://dcollection.sungshin.ac.kr/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000013635
- Department
- 뷰티융합대학원 뷰티융합학과
- Advisor
- 김경희
- Table Of Contents
- 논 문 개 요
Ⅰ. 서론······························································································1
Ⅱ. 이론적 배경·················································································3
1. 자아존중감················································································· 3
2. 화장행동·····················································································10
3. 화장의 사회·심리적 기대효과·················································16
Ⅲ. 연구방법 및 절차·······································································20
1. 연구문제·····················································································20
2. 조사대상 및 자료수집······························································21
3. 측정도구····················································································22
4. 자료분석 방법···········································································24
Ⅳ. 연구결과 및 논의·······································································25
1. 조사대상의 인구통계학적 특성··············································25
2. 측정도구의 타당성 및 신뢰도 측정 ······································26
3. 화장의 사회·심리적 기대효과, 자아존중감, 화장행동간의
상관관계 ·····················································································33
4. 화장의 사회·심리적 기대효과가 자아존중감 및 화장행동에 미치는 영향······················································································35
5. 인구통계적 변인에 따른 화장의 사회심리적 기대효과, 자아존중감, 화장행동의 차이 ······························································44
Ⅴ. 결론·····························································································48
참 고 문 헌
ABSTRACT
부 록
- Degree
- Master
- Publisher
- 성신여자대학교
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