중등학교 사회과 교사의 NIE 활용 저해요인에 대한 인식조사

Abstract

사회과는 인간과 관계된 공간, 시간, 사회에 관한 사실과 현상을 대상으로 종합적으로 이해하고 탐구하며 현재 및 미래에 당면하게 될 여러 가지 문제를 해결할 수 있는 능력을 지닌 민주 시민 양성을 목표로 한다. 사회현상과 문제를 대상으로 하는 종합 학문적 성격의 사회과는 대중에게 관심있는 정치, 경제, 사회 또는 문화적 내용과 사건의 발전에 관한 보도가 주기능인 신문과 매우 밀접한 관계를 가지며 신문의 교육적 효과를 기대할 수 있다. 사회과에서의 NIE 효과에 관한 많은 연구들이 이러한 효과를 뒷받침한다. 사회과 교사들은 NIE에 대한 긍적적 태도를 가지고 있으나 실제 수업에서 활용이 활발히 이루어지지 않고 있다. NIE가 사회과에서 활발히 이루어지기 위해서는 NIE에 대한 긍정적 인식에도 불구하고 NIE 활용 ?疽째? 저조한 원인을 살펴볼 필요가 있다. 또한 사회과 NIE 관련 연구 대부분 NIE 효과나 교수-학습 방법에 관한 연구로 NIE를 수업에 도입하는데 주체인 교사의 인식에 대한 연구는 매우 절실하다. 이러한 필요에 따라 본 연구는 NIE 수업 활용의 저해요인에 대한 중 고등학교 사회과 교사들의 인식을 종합적으로 분석함으로써 사회과 수업에서의 NIE 활성화를 위한 방안 마련의 기초가 되는데 그 목적을 두고 있다.

이러한 목적에 따라 설정된 연구문제는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사회과 교사들은 무엇을 NIE 활용 저해요인으로 생각하는가? 둘째, 교사의 특성 변인별로 NIE 활용 저해요인들 간에 인식에는 차이가 있는가?

이상의 연구문제를 해결하기 위하여 선행연구 고찰을 통해 NIE 활용 저해요인을 교사의 관심, 학교 조직체의 특성, 학습환경, 사회제도적 요인, 전문기술, 학생의 여섯 가지 요인으로 나누어 설문지를 작성하였다. 서울과 경기 지역 중․고등학교 사회과 교사들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 분석방법으로는 SPSS 10.0 Program을 통해 교사의 특성과 NIE 저해요인에 대한 인식의 차이를 x 검정을 이용한 독립성 검정을 이용하였다.

조사결과를 살펴보면 NIE 활용 저해요인별 빈도분석 결과 학습환경이 27.3%, 교사 의 관심 18.2%, 전문기술 11.4%, 학생 10.6%, 사회제도적 환경 9.8%, 학교 조직체의 특징 4.5%의 순으로 나타났다 사회과 교사들의 배경변인에 따른 NIE 활용 저해요인 인식 차이를 알아보기 위하여, 사회과 교사들의 배경변인을 성별, 근무학교, 연령별, 교직경력, 최종학력, NIE 인지정도, NIE 활용의사, NIE 경험 유무 등으로 나누고 각 배경 변인별로 NIE 활용 저해요인에 대한 인식 차이를 알아보았다. 분석결과를 살펴보면 교사의 성별, 근무학교, NIE 활용의사에 따라 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 반면에 연령별, 교직경력, 최종학력, NIE 인지정도, NIE 경험유무에 따른 NIE 활용 저해요인에 대한 인식의 차이는 통계적으로 유의미하지 않은 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이러한 조사결과로부터 도출된 결론은 다음과 같다. NIE 프로그램 개발시 학습환경에 대한 고려가 필요하며, 교사에게 이론이 아닌 실질적인 경험을 제공하는 연수가 필요하다. 또한 신문업체의 사회과 교사에 대한 장기적이며 가시적인 지원이 필요하다. | Social studies seek to examine and gain general understanding of time and space in relation to human beings, as well as social facts and phenomena. The purpose of social studies is to raise democratic citizens able to resolve various current and future problems. Objects of social studies are social issues and phenomena. Due to this general scientific feature social studies are very closely connected to newspapers, main function of which is to provide reports on events and developments in the field of politics, economy, society and culture drawing the interest of the general public. Naturally social studies can expect a certain educational effect from newspapers. Numerous researches on NIE confirm the presence of such an educational effect for social studies . Despite positive attitude of social studies teachers toward NIE, newspapers are not actively used for actual classes. In order to spur up the use of NIE in the field of social studies we need to examine the cause of the current inactive use despite teachers' positive attitude. Moreover, since most of surveys on NIE in the field of social studies are related to the effect of NIE or methods of teaching and learning, there is a pressing need in surveys on the awareness of teachers who play the main role in introducing NIE to lessons. In response to such a need, present survey gives a general analysis of middle and high school social studies teachers' perception of main factors hindering the use of NIE in their classes. In this way, the survey aims at providing the basic plan for the re-vitalizing the use of NIE in social studies classes.

The goal of the survey determined the following questions: 1) What are the main factors hindering the use of NIE in opinion of social studies teachers? 2) Is there a difference in how different categories of teachers view main factors hindering the use of NIE?

To fulfill the above tasks of our research we prepared the questionnaires for the preliminary survey. In the questionnaires we proposed to respondents the six possible factors hindering the use of NIE: lack of teachers' interest, peculiarities of school organization, learning environment, factors related to the social system, professional techniques and student-related factors. Utilizing SPSS 10.0 program for the analysis we used the squared independence examination of differences in perception of the factors hindering the use of NIE among different categories of teachers.

Analysis of responses by frequency showed the following distribution of results: 27.3% of respondents attributed the low use of NIE to learning environment, 18.2% - to the lack of teachers' interest, 11.4% - to the issues of professional techniques, 10.6% - to student-related factors, 9.8% - to the environment formed by the social system, and 4.5% - to the peculiarities of the school organization. In order to grasp the differences in perception of factors impeding the use of NIE in relation to the personal background of social studies teachers, we divided respondents into the categories according to sex, schools they work at, age, teaching career, academic background, degree of recognition of NIE, willingness to utilize NIE, and experience in using NIE, and examined the differences in perception of factors hindering the use of NIE between these groups of teachers. Statistics of the analysis results showed that there are significant differences in perception depending on teachers' sex, schools they work at, and willingness to utilize NIE. On the other hand, age, teaching career, academic background, degree of recognition of NIE, and experience in using NIE do not cause significant differences in perception of factors hindering the use of NIE. These survey results allow us to make the following conclusions. Developers of NIE programs must take into consideration learning environment, and teachers need to be given training that would provide them with practical experience rather than mere theory. Moreover, newspaper enterprises must show the long-term visible support to social studies teachers. NIE is one of effective tool to educate students in social Study field. And many previous researches proved the effectiveness of NIE. In contrast with above researches, there's research reports that teachers of social study did not apply NIE in their class even they have possitive attitude on NIE. To promote NIE usage, it is necessary to research the root cause why NIE was not used even teachers have the possitive attitude on it. Most previous studies focused on effective teaching method of NIE practice or effectiveness of NIE itself. But the research of teacher's recognition on NIE is insufficient nevertheless it is the key of NIE Use in class.

The purpose of this research is to find clue which can promote NIE usage in middle & high school social study class by analyzing teacher's recognition on obstructive factors of NIE practice.

The research questions are as below : - Does background variable of teachers influence the recognition on obstructive factors of NIE practice? - Does each background variable factor of teachers influence the recognition difference on obstructive factors of NIE practice?

To solve above research questions, questionnaire survey were carried out. In the questionnaire, obstructive factors of NIE practice were classified into 6 major factors which were extracted from study of previous researches. 6 major fators are as follows. ①Teacher's interest on NIE ②characteristic of school organization ③learning environment ④ social system factor ⑤expertize ⑥student. Secondary school teacher of social study in Gyeonggi and Seoul province joined in this survey. Frequency, percentage, Fisher's extract Test using SPSS Program were selected as analysis tool.

The survey result using frequency analysis shows orderly percentage of obstructive factors of NIE practice as follows. learning environment (27.3%), Teacher's interest on NIE (18.2%),expertize(11.4%), student(10.6%),characteristic of school organization(4.55%) To find out perceptive difference of hindering factors of NIE Use depending on background variable in teachers, background variable in teachers were classified into 1)sex of teacher, 2)age, 3)teaching period 4)scholarship degree 5)school 6)NIE recognition level of teacher 6)willingness to apply NIE, 7)NIE experience. And surveyed recognition difference of obstructive factors of NIE practice depending on ecch background variable. According to survey result, there was a significant difference in the teachers; perception according to gender, school, willingness to use NIE On the contrary, there was no significant differencr in the teachers; perception toward hindering factor according to theire age, teaching period, scholarship degree, teachers' Nie recognition level or Nie experience

The results of this survey can be summarized as follows Learing environment should be considered at the time of developing NIE Program and consistent & practical aid from Newspaper company toward to teachers will help teachers to use NIE in their class effectively.