<적성의전>의 서사공간에 따른 효의 실현과정
- Alternative Title
- Realization of "Hyo" (Filial Piety) in the Narrative Spaces of Jeokseonguijeon
- Abstract
- <적성의전>은 현재까지 방각본 11종, 필사본 16종, 구활자본 5종이 발견된 작품으로 오랜 시간에 걸쳐서 다양한 방식으로 전해져왔으며, 방각본의 경우 경판, 완판, 안성판 세 곳에서 모두 간행된 것으로 미루어보아 넓은 지역에서 고루 읽혔던 작품이라 짐작할 수 있다. 특히 필사본의 경우 세책본도 발견되고 있어 당대 <적성의전>이 대중성을 갖춘 작품으로 꽤 많은 독자층을 확보한 것으로 보인다.
<적성의전>은 안평국의 왕자이자 효성이 깊은 인물인 성의가 모후의 병을 고칠 일영주를 구하기 위해 서천서역(西天西域)으로 길을 떠나고, 형 항의의 불측한 모함으로 두 눈이 멀고 온갖 고초를 겪다가 중국의 부마가 되어 마침내 안평국으로 돌아오는 이야기로 이 서사를 관통하는 중심축은 효사상이다. 성의가 일영주를 구하기 위해 길을 떠날 결심을 하는 것도 그의 효성에서 비롯된 것이며, 두 눈을 잃고 타국에서 고초를 겪을 때 성의를 버틸 수 있게 해준 것도 부모를 향한 효심 덕분이었다. 그리고 마침내 본국으로 귀환하여 왕과 왕후를 모시는 것으로 기나긴 ‘효의 여정’을 마칠 수 있었다.
이처럼 <적성의전>의 중심사상이자 주제의식인 효는 당대 유교 사회에서 가장 중요시 여기던 유교적 덕목이었다. 따라서 효는 부모와 자식 혹은 가족과 나아가서 국가를 이루고 지탱하는 사상적 기반으로 받아들여지고 강조되었다. 이런 이유로 <적성의전>의 서사에서 펼쳐지는 주인공 성의의 ‘효의 실현’ 과정은 작품이 향유되던 시기의 독자들의 의식세계와 궤를 같이 했을 것이며, 효를 중요시여기고, 강조하던 사회에서 주인공 성의의 지극한 효행은 깨달음과 감동의 본보기가 되었을 것이다. 뿐만 아니라 <적성의전>에 등장하는 세 곳의 공간과 공간의 이동 속에서 보이는 신이하고 기적적인 요소는 작품의 흥미적인 요소로 독자의 관심을 끌기에 충분했으며, 주인공 성의의 ‘효의 실현과정’과 긴밀하게 작용하여 주제의식을 뒷받침 해주었다.
첫 번째 등장하는 서천서역이라는 서사공간은 탐색담의 모티브를 통해 성의의 효의 동기와 효의 주체자로서 자격의 획득을 의미하고 있으며, 중국은 영웅담의 모티브를 중심으로 고국으로 돌아가지 못하고 안맹이 된 성의가 고난을 겪는 공간인 동시에 회복의 공간이다. 또한 이를 극복하는 과정에서 새로운 지위의 획득과 성의의 성장을 보여주며, 이를 통해 성의는 영웅적 지위의 획득과 자격이 부여되고 성의는 영웅으로 성장하게 된다. 마지막으로 안평국은 성의의 효의 탐색 여정이 출발하는 곳이자 복귀하는 곳으로 영웅으로 성장한 성의의 복귀와 함께 ‘효의 완성’이 이루어지며, 방해자의 징치와 왕위 계승의 보상이 이루어지는 공간이다. 즉 성의에게 효는 ‘영웅의 자격’과 ‘영웅의 성취’와 일맥상통하는 것으로 작용하며, <적성의전>에서 효는 곧 ‘영웅성’을 내포하고 있다.
<적성의전>은 지극한 효심을 지닌 주인공 성의를 통해 ‘효의 실현과정’을 구현해냈으며, 철저하게 효라는 주제를 작품 전반에 걸쳐서 강조하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 <적성의전>의 ‘효의 실현과정’ 속에서 드러났던 형제간의 갈등은 효의 강조를 위한 일종의 악인 형상을 내세운 서사적 장치이며, 결말에서 항의가 개과천선하지 않고 죽음으로 징치되는 것 역시 ‘형제간의 우애’라는 주제와 상관없음을 입증해준다.
효의 의미와 가치는 <삼국유사>에 기록된 여러 편의 효행설화와 무속신화인 <바리데기>, 자식의 희생을 통한 지극한 효성을 다룬 <심청전>, 그리고 <적성의전>을 예로 들어 ‘자식의 고난에 따른 효의 완성’이라는 보편적인 효의 모습으로 자리 잡게 된다. 또한 <적성의전>의 영향을 받아 형성된 작품으로 보이는 서유영의 <육미당기>에서는 본래 <적성의전>이 가지고 있던 효의 의미를 계승하는 한편 형제간의 갈등을 통한 우애를 함께 강조하는 것으로 확대된 것을 알 수 있다.
이처럼 <적성의전>에서 강조된 효사상은 곧 불교 설화에서 소설화되는 과정에서 겪었던 문학적 태동을 보여주는 것이며, 소설화의 과정에서 구심점의 역할을 했다는 점에서 그 의의를 찾아볼 수 있다. 또한 효는 당시의 사회·문화·정치·사상을 관통하는 사상적 기반의 핵심으로 서사문학 전반에 걸쳐 향유층의 공감대를 형성하고, 감동과 교훈적 깨달음을 제공함으로써 당대 보편적 정서의 가장 적절히 부합하는 주제의식이었다. 바로 이러한 점이 <적성의전>에서 효가 차지하는 보편성과 그 가치라 할 것이다.| Jeokseonguijeon is a story where Seongui, prince of Anpyeong-guk who is deeply devoted to his parents, loses his eyes and suffers many hardships due to his elder brother Hangui's vicious slander while traveling to Seocheonseoyeok (lands bordering on the west side of China) in search for ilyeoungju to cure his Queen Mother's disease but finally comes back to Anpyeongguk after becoming a son-in-law of the King of China. The central idea of this epic story is the thought of hyo (filial piety). Prince Seongui's determination to take a journey in search for ilyeongju comes from his filial piety which helps him endure such misfortune and hardship during his journey to strange lands. In the story, his long journey of hyo ends up living with and serving the King and Queen after return to his country.
As such, hyo as the central idea and subject matter of Jeokseonguijeon was one of the most important Confucian virtues in the society of that time and it was accepted and emphasized as a spiritual base that underlies parent-child relationships and holds up families and even the country. The way that Seongui exhibited hyo in the narratives of Jeokseonguijeon would be in line with the mindset of readers of the time when the story was taking place. In the society that placed greater importance and emphasis on hyo, Prince Seongui's filial behavior must have been an exemplary and touching story among people.
Chapter II discusses how hyo has been recognized and accepted in the literary tradition of Korea. Specifically, the chapter explores the flow of literary tradition in terms of how the meaning and value of hyo have been accepted and transmitted, by looking at classic works such as Baridegi (a shamanic ancestry myth), Simcheongjeon (a story of one filial daughter), written under the influence of Jeokseonguijeon, as well as the folk tales of filial piety that have been passed on through Samgukyusa (The Heritage of the Three Kingdoms) or Samguksagi (The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms). Although such works show differences in how hyo begins and develops, they share the same value of what hyo is like in that true filial piety is to keep both the bodies and minds of parents comfortable by understanding their physical and emotional needs.
Chapter III discusses the process of realizing hyo, with focus on the narrative spaces of Jeokseonguijeon. In terms of the story's motifs, the discussion distinguishes among the narratives of exploration, heroism and return which take place in three different spaces: Seocheonseoyeok, China and Anpyeongguk. The narrative space Seocheonseoyeok represents the motivation of Seongui's hyo and his qualification as a filial performer through the narrative of exploration. In the narrative of heroism, China is a space of hardship where Seongui becomes blind without returning to his country, but on the other hand, a space of recovery from such hardship. Further, Prince Seongui acquires a heroic status and grows more heroic in the process of overcoming the hardship. Anpyeongguk is a place where Seongui's exploratory journey begins and ends and a space where his hyo becomes complete with his return as a hero, obstructers/antagonists are castigated, and rewards are made for succession to the throne. Hyo for Seongui serves as heroic qualification and achievement, and in Jeokseonguijeon it means heroism. The fraternal conflict revealed in the process of realizing hyo is a narrative tool for emphasis on hyo, and in the story's ending the death penalty for Hangui suggests that ‘no emphasis is placed on brotherly affection.
Based on the discussions in Chapters II and III, Chapter IV examines the universality and value of hyo through its meaning and value revealed in Jeokseonguijeon. For example, a discussion of the universal meaning and value of hyo is provided by taking a number of tales of filial devotion recorded in Samgukyusa, the shamanic ancestry myth Baridegi, Simcheongjeon which tells the story of one daughter's filial piety by self-sacrifice, and Jeokseonguijeon. This chapter indicates that the complete form of hyo is associated with overcoming ‘hardships. In addition, Seo Yu-yeong's Yukmidangi which is thought to have been influenced by Jeokseonguijeon emphasizes brotherly affection through fraternal conflict, upholding the meaning of hyo shown in Jeokseonguijeon.
The thought of hyo emphasized in Jeokseonguijeon is significant in the sense that it constituted literary movements in the novelization of Buddhist tales and played a pivotal role in the novelization process. Further, at that time, hyo was considered most important in all areas of society, culture and politics because it was believed to provide a core value of underlying ideological bases. The thought of hyo themed in novels or stories helped form a public consensus and made the stories touching and enlightening. This would be the universality and value of hyo on which Jeokseonguijeon was intended to place emphasis.
- Author(s)
- 연안나
- Issued Date
- 2012
- Awarded Date
- 2012-08
- Type
- Dissertation
- URI
- https://repository.sungshin.ac.kr/handle/2025.oak/5818
http://dcollection.sungshin.ac.kr/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000007297
- Alternative Author(s)
- Yeon, An Na
- Affiliation
- 성신여자대학교 대학원
- Department
- 일반대학원 국어국문학과
- Advisor
- 심치열
- Table Of Contents
- 목 차
논문개요
Ⅰ. 서론·································································································1
1. 연구목적·························································································1
2. 연구사 검토····················································································4
3. 연구방법·······················································································15
Ⅱ. 효의 문학적 전통과 수용·····························································19
Ⅲ. <적성의전>의 서사공간에 따른 효의 실현과정·························26
1. 효의 동기와 탐색담·····································································28
1) 효의 주체와 자격의 획득···························································28
2) 효의 발현과 공간의 확대···························································33
3) 탐색담으로서의 ‘서천서역’의 의미···········································45
2. 효의 지속과 영웅담·····································································53
1) 새로운 여정과 극적인 구원·······················································53
2) 고난과 회복의 계기···································································58
3) 영웅성 획득으로서의 ‘중국’의 의미··········································71
3. 효의 완성과 복귀담·····································································79
1) 악인 징치의 필연성···································································79
2) 다양한 효의 실천과 진정성·······················································92
3) 효의 완성으로서의 ‘안평국’의 의미··········································95
Ⅳ. 고전소설이 갖는 효의 보편성과 그 가치····································99
Ⅴ. 결론·····························································································105
참고문헌
ABSTRACT(영문초록)
- Degree
- Master
- Publisher
- 성신여자대학교 대학원
-
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