보육시설의 아동의 단체급식 경험정도에 따른 식섭취 양상의 변화

Abstract

Currently diet and education issue of preschoolers is happening mainly at day care facility. Furthermore, as many babies and infants of day care facility spend more than 10 hours a day for living there and have most meals over there, responsibility depending on the development of dietary behavior of babies and infants tends to shift from home to day care facility and the importance of feeding is being on the rise.(Yang IS, 2005) Therefore, this research was conducted to compare a diet habit and the aspect of dietary ingestion depending on the degree to which they experience a group feeding at a day care facility and examine the condition of nutrition taking, and aims to provide various recipes and diet environment which are necessary for children to form a correct diet habit and recognize the necessity of nutrition and feeding management by a nutritionist. This research was conducted to mothers of children who go to day care facilities in the whole Gyeonggido area by using the data of 205 people in total between February and April, 2010. The result is as below.

1. Among children of survey recipients, male children were 42.4% of the total, and female children were 57.6%. With regard to children's age, 4 years of age occupied the most by 36.5% in a group with less than one year of feeding, and both in a group with the feeding period from more than one year to less than three years and one with more than three years, 7 years of age occupied the most. According to Kaup index, the ratio which belongs to the normal range was the highest in a group with feeding experience from more than one year to less than three years. In a group with the feeding of a day care facility for less than one year and a group with from more than one year to less than three years, the ratio for the morning class or afternoon class was high respectively by 74.6%, 60.0%, and the ratio for all day class was high by 53.2% in a group with more than three years.

2. The age of mothers who are survey recipients is 66.8% and age more than 35 years old was the greatest in average, and 42.9% of the total were working housewives. It indicated that mothers instruct a diet in home most frequently in a group with feeding experience from more than one year to less than three years, and indicated the highest ratio of no diet instruction in a group with feeding period more than three years. This could mean that mothers of a group with feeding experience more than three years depend their diet instruction on a day care facility most rather than home.

3. From the questions about diet manner and diet attitude, sanitary concept, correcting the children's habit of eating only what they want, and snack taking and so on according to the period of group feeding experience in a day care facility, a positive change was the highest all in average in a group with feeding period more than three years. And a survey of food preference showed a significant difference between groups at Kimbob, Yukkaejang, Kimchi Stew, Budae Stew, Stir-fried Pork, Kkakdugi(Diced Radish Kimchi), Topokki(Stir-fried Rice Cake), and Candy·Jelly. For candy and jelly, preference was high in a group with less than one year, and for other foods, preference was relatively high all in a group with more than three years. However, people didn't show high preference to foods with significant difference in general because those are mainly hot. As a result of an analysis of nutrition taking level through 24 hours recalling method, it was indicated as excessive nutrition because amount of intake exceeded in terms of amount of one day energy intake, carbohydrate, protein, and fat as well. Children were normally taking calcium, but were excessively taking all of iron, phosphorous, and zinc. Only a group with less than one year was normally taking the recommended amount of folic acid, but the rest two groups were excessively taking it. Also, it showed that they all excessively took vitamin.

4. It investigated the difference between groups if the influence of group feeding on a diet habit is affected by a class to which sex and child belongs. As a result, female children group significantly showed high positive change in the matters about diet manner, diet attitude, sanitary concept, correcting the children's habit of eating only what they want, and snack taking through feeding for the difference between sex. (p<0.05) For the difference of a class, all day class showed significantly high result at a question about having fish cooking and the change of instant food taking among the questions about correcting the children's habit of eating only what they want. (p<0.05) As compared to morning and afternoon class, all day class has feeding more than two times a day, and we think that it affected to improve correcting the children's habit of eating only what they want as they experience different foods more frequently because of this. However, significant difference between groups depending on a class didn't appear at the question about diet manner and diet attitude, sanitary concept, and snack taking. As a result, according to the extent that children experience feeding, it could be seen that the longer they get feeding, the better their diet habits become, and it showed more positive improvement at female children than male children in terms of sex. And it showed that the difference of a class does not greatly affect.

This research verified that there is a difference in the aspect of diet ingestion depending on the experience level of group feeding. We could think about the importance of feeding once again as it indicated that there is a difference depending on the experience level as well, going beyond the group difference that simply does feeding or not. Based on above results, the education about diet habit and diet ingestion for children should be accomplished connecting with home as well as in a day care facility. There should be a nutritionist who is an expert in a day care facility and he or she develops and supplies diet life education material about nutrition and health of baby and infant with a teacher, and professional instruction is necessary through education and training. And we think that it is necessary to make an effort to improve feeding as well for improvement of children's habit of eating only what they want. We could expect the effect that we can give more various nutrition education and provide healthy food by combining menu for children in growth period and various recipes when feeding from this system.