대학생의 여가 및 체육활동 참여인식과 경향분석 = 대도시·중소도시지역 대학을 중심으로

Abstract

영문초록: p. 78-[83]|본 연구의 목적은 대학생들의 건전한 여가 및 체육활동 참여인식과 경향을 모색하고자 여가활동의 참여인식, 참여경향, 참여정도, 체육활동의 참여인식, 참여경향, 참여정도, 참여종목을 성별, 지역별, 전공별로 대도시(서울) 중·소도시(제천)지역 중심 남·여 대학생 1000명을 단순 무선 표집방법으로 이용하여 유효자료 940부를 조사, 분석하였다. 자료처리는 SPSS/PC+10.0의 프로그램으로 빈도분석(Frequency Analysi)?? 이용한 교차분석 및 일원변량분석(One-way ANOVA)을 분석하였으며, 사후비교방법으로는 Duncan의 다중비교로 분석하였다. 1. 여가활동 참여인식에 대한 성별 간 비교에서 유의한 차이를 나타낸 요인은 여가활동중 시간제약과 소비비용 제약으로 여자가 남자보다 높게 나타났다. 지역별로는 여가 의미, 여가활동 참여 후 만족인식, 주 5일 근무제에 따른 여가 중요도, 여가 중요도는 대도시가 중·소도시 보다 높게 나타났다. 전공별로는 여가 의미, 여가활동 시간제약, 여가활동 소비비용 제약이 예·체능계가 자연계와 인문계보다 높게 나타났다. 2. 여가활동 필요이유로는 성별, 지역별, 전공별 모두 스트레스 해소가 높게 나타났다. 이 결과 많은 대학생들이 스트레스 해소를 위하여 여가활동을 즐긴다는 것은 신체적 및 사회적, 정신적인 부분을 해소하기 위하여 여가활동에 참여하는 것으로 분석할 수 있다. 3. 평일에 참여하는 여가활동으로는 성별, 지역별, 전공별 모두 친구와의 만남이 가장 높고 평일에 해보고 싶은 여가활동으로는 성별, 지역별, 전공별 모두 레저스포츠 활동으로 나타났다. 4. 대학교 주변의 여가시설 중에서 보완·신설되기를 희망하는 시설로는 성별로 구별하면 남자는 스포츠센터를 여자는 문화센터를 희망하고 있는 것으로 보아 성별로 추구하는 것이 다르다고 볼 수 있다. 지역별로는 대도시, 중·소도시 모두 스포츠센터를 신설·보완하여야 한다고 나타났다. 전공별로는 자연계와 인문계가 문화센터로 예체능계는 스포츠센터로 신설·보완하여야 하는 장소로 나타났다. 그 결과 해보고 싶은 여가활동과 연계된 점은 학교주변 체육시설과 문화시설 프로그램의 제공으로 건전한 여가활동을 유도할 수 있을 것으로 보여 졌다. 5. 대학생들의 여가활동 동반자로는 성별, 지역별, 전공별 모두 동성친구와 여가활동 하는 것으로 나타났다. 6. 대학생들의 여가활동 장애요인으로는 성별, 지역별, 전공별 모두 비용부족이 높게 나타났다. 7. 여가활동 참여정도에 대한 성별 간 비교에서 유의한 차이를 나타낸 요인은 비용(평일)이 여자가 남자보다 높게 나타났다. 지역별로는 여가활동 참여정도에서 유의한 차가 없었다. 전공별 비교에서는 시간(주말)이 자연계가 인문계, 예·체능계보다 높게 나타났다. 8. 체육활동 참여인식에 대한 성별 간 비교에서 유의한 차이를 나타낸 요인은 체육활동 의미와 필요성으로 남자가 여자보다 높게 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 지역별 비교에서 유의한 차이를 나타낸 요인은 체육활동의 필요성, 정서적, 사회적 필요성으로 대도시가 중·소도시 보다 높게 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 전공별 비교에서는 유의한 차이를 나타낸 요인은 체육활동 의미, 정서적, 심리적, 사회적 필요성이 예·체능계가 자연계, 인문계보다 높게 인식되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 9. 체육활동이 필요한 이유로는 성별, 지역별, 전공별 모두 건강관리로 가장 높게 나타났다. 대학생들이 건강을 목적으로 여가활동과 체육활동에 참여하고 있다는 것은 체육의 건전한 발전을 위한 고무적인 결과라고 생각된다. 10. 대학생들의 체육활동 동반자로는 성별, 지역별, 전공별 모두 동성친구와 여가활동 하는 것으로 나타났다. 11. 대학생들의 체육활동 장소를 성별로 구별하면 남자는 체육공원, 여자는 집 주변 공터로 나타났고, 이 결과로 남자들은 여러 시설이나 장비를 필요로 하기 때문에 체육공원에서 운동을 실시하고 있고, 여자들은 집 주변의 공터에서 가벼운 운동을 실시한다고 생각된다. 지역별로 구별하면 대도시는 스포츠센터, 중·소도시는 집 주변 공터로 나타났고, 이 결과로 대도시는 중·소도시에 비하여 체육시설이 많이 보급되어 ?羚底? 나타난 결과라고 분석할 수 있을 것이다. 이 결과를 보완하기 위하여 중·소도시에 체육시설이 신설·보완되어야 할 것으로 보인다. 12. 체육활동 참여정도에 대한 성별 간 비교에서 유의한 차이를 나타낸 요인은 즐기는 종목의 참여기간, 주말에 즐기는 평균 운동시간은 남자가 여자보다 높게 나타났다. 지역별 비교에서 유의한 차이를 나타낸 요인으로는 즐기는 종목의 참여기간으로 대도시가 중·소도시보다 높게 나타났다. 전공별 비교에서 유의한 차이를 나타낸 요인은 즐기는 종목의 참여기간, 평일에 즐기는 평균 운동시간, 주말에 즐기는 평균 운동시간이 예·체능계가 자연계와 인문계보다 높게 나타났다. 13. 체육활동 참여종목에서는 성별, 지역별, 전공별에서 수영과 테니스가 체육활동 참여종목으로 높게 나타났다. 이 결과 대학생들은 체육종목에서 수영에 많은 관심을 갖고 있다. 그 결과로 유산소성 운동으로 호흡 계와 순환계를 발달시켜 성인병을 예방하기 위한 방법으로 선택한다고 생각된다. 건전한 여가활동과 체육활동으로 대학생의 욕구 충족을 위한 건전한 여가활동과 체육활동 프로그램이 절실히 필요한 것으로 나타났다.|This purpose of this study is to seek for the participation recognition and the tendency of undergraduates' sound leisure and athletic activities, thus it surveyed and analyzed 940 copies of effective materials by using a simply random-sampling method, targeting 1,000 male and female undergraduates, centering on the areas of a large city (Seoul) and a small-medium city (Jecheon), by gender, by region and by major, in terms of the participation recognition, the participation tendency, the participation level for leisure activities, and the participation recognition, the participation tendency, the participation level, and the participation item for athletic activities. As for data processing, it conducted the cross-tabulation analysis and One-way ANOVA, using frequency analysis with the program of SPSS/PC+10.0, and as for the post-comparison method, it analyzed with the multiple comparison of Duncan. 1. As the factors, which showed the significant difference in the comparison between genders about the participation recognition of leisure activities, are the time limitation and the consumption-expense restriction during the leisure activities, it was shown to be higher in women than men. By region, a large city was shown to be higher than a small-medium city as for the leisure meaning, the satisfaction recognition after participating in the leisure activities, the leisure importance depending on the 5-day work-week system, and the leisure importance. By major, the physical education and dance departments were shown to be higher than the natural-science course and the humanities course, as for the leisure meaning, the time limitation, and the consumption-expense restriction. 2. As for a reason for the necessity of leisure activities, the relief of stress was shown to be high all by gender, by region, and by major. As a result of this, what many undergraduates enjoy the leisure activities aiming to relieve stress, can be analyzed to participate in the leisure activities aiming to relieve physical, social and mental parts. 3. The leisure activities being participated on ordinary days, are highest in a meeting with friends all by gender, by region, and by major, and the leisure activities being preferred to do on ordinary days, were shown to be the leisure sports activity all by gender, by region, and by major. 4. As for the facilities to be hoped to be supplemented and newly installed among the leisure facilities around university, given dividing by gender, the male students hope for a sports center and the female students hope for a culture center, thus it can be said to be different in the pursuit by gender. By region, it was shown that a sports center needs to be newly installed and supplemented both in the large city and in the small-medium city. By major, it was shown to be a place where needs to be newly installed and supplemented for a culture center in the natural-science course and the humanities course and for a sports center in the physical education and dance departments. As a result of that, as for a point that was connected to the leisure activities being preferred to do, it was shown to be able to induce the soundly leisure activities, by offering the programs of the athletic facilities and the cultural facilities around a school. 5. As for undergraduates' partner for leisure activities, it was shown to do leisure activities with a homosexual friend all by gender, by region, and by major. 6. As for the handicapped factors of undergraduates' leisure activities, the lack of costs was shown to be high all by gender, by region, and by major. 7. As for the factors that showed the significant difference in the comparison between genders about the participation level of leisure activities, the expenses (ordinary days) were shown to be higher in women than men. By region, there was no significant difference in the participation level of leisure activities. In the comparison by major, the expenses (weekend) were shown to be higher in natural-science course than in the humanities course and in the physical education and dance departments. 8. As for the factors that showed the significant difference in the comparison between genders about the participation level of athletic activities, male students seem to recognize higher than female students as for a meaning and the necessity of athletic activities. As for the factors that showed the significant difference in the comparison by region, a large city seems to recognize higher than a small-medium city as for the necessity of athletic activities and the mental necessity. As for the factors that showed the significant difference in the comparison by major, it can be seen that the physical education and dance departments are being highly recognized than the natural-science course and the humanities course as for a meaning of athletic activities and the emotional, psychological and social necessity. 9. In terms of a reason for the necessity of athletic activities, the health care was shown to be highest all by gender, by region, and by major. What undergraduates are taking part in the leisure activities and the athletic activities aiming at health, is though to be an encouraging result aiming at the sound development of sports. 10. As for undergraduates' partner for athletic activities, it was shown to do leisure activities with a homosexual friend all by gender, by region, and by major. 11. Given classifying the athletic-activity places of undergraduates, it was shown to be an athletic park for male students and to be an empty lot around the house for female students, and as a result of this, it is thought that male students are carrying out sports in an athletic park because of requiring various facilities and equipments and that female students carry out a light exercise in an empty lot around the house. Given dividing by region, it was shown to be a sports center for a large city and to be an empty lot around the house for a small-medium city, and as a result of this, it can be analyzed to be a result shown because a lot of athletic facilities were supplied to a large city, compared to a small-medium city. Aiming to supplement this, the athletic facilities seem to need to be newly installed and supplemented in a small-medium city. 12. As for the factors that showed the significant difference in the comparison between genders about the participation level of athletic activities, male students were shown to be higher than female students as for a period of participating in a event to be enjoyed, and the averagely exercise hour to be enjoyed on weekend. As for the factors that showed the significant difference in the comparison by region, a large city was shown to be higher than a small-medium city, as for a period of participating in a event to be enjoyed. As for the factors that showed the significant difference in the comparison by major, the physical education and dance departments were shown to be higher than the natural-science course and the humanities course, as for a period of participating in a event to be enjoyed, the averagely exercise hour to be enjoyed on ordinary days, and the averagely exercise hour to be enjoyed on weekend. 13. As for the participating event of athletic activities, swimming and tennis were shown to be a participating event of athletic activities by gender, by region, and by major. As a result of this, undergraduates are having much interest in swimming out of athletic events. As a result of that, it is thought to select as a method aiming to prevent geriatric diseases, by developing the respiratory system and the circulatory system through the aerobic exercise. It was shown to desperately require a program aiming to satisfy undergraduates' needs, with soundly leisure activities and athletic activities.