DNA 다형성 분석에 의한 느타리버섯 계통간 교잡주의 특성

Abstract

The primary objective of the present study is the characterization of the hybrids of dikaryon-monokaryon (di-mono) and monokaryon- monokaryon (mono-mono) crosses in mushroom breeding. We employed this technique for developing develop superior species from Pleurotus spp. varieties with 56 di-mono intraspecific hybrids of 14 combinations and 85 mono-mono intraspecific hybrids of 7 combinations between six Pleurotus ostreatus strains and one Pleurotus florida strain. In this study, the results of analysis on hybridization rate, nuclear and mitochondrial DNA patterns, and colors and yields of fruit-bodies, are presented as follows.

In di-mono crosses, hybrids between P. ostreatus and P. florida showed 100% of crossability as seen in those between P. ostreatus and P. ostreatus indicating that nuclei and mitochondria of a dikaryon migrated to a recipient. In the di-mono cross between P. ostreatus and P. florida, the nuclei of the hybrid strain showed the same or similar patterns compared to the donor dikaryons. 60.7% of the hybrid strain between P. ostreatus and P. ostreatus were similar to the donor dikaryons; 8.9% had similar patterns compared to the recipient monokaryon, while 1.8% showed combined patterns of both parents. The mitochondrial DNA patterns of the hybrid strain were composed of 75% dikaryon donors and 25% monokaryon recipients.

50% of the hybrid strain between P. florida and P. ostreatus showed the fruiting body whose colors were similar to those of the dikaryon P. florida, while the remaining 50% had half-and-half combined colors of both parents. In case of a monokaryon P. florida, 100% showed half-and-half combined colors of both parents but are more similar to the dikaryon. Therefore, the fruiting body color of P. florida tends to be generally dominant. 50% of the hybrid strain between dikaryons and monokaryons had the same fruiting body yields as seen in both parents: 5% were higher and 45% were lower than both parents.

The crossability between mono-mono crossing ranges between 50 and 93.75%. The results of the analysis on the nuclear DNA patterns of 85 hybrid strains of mono-mono crosses share the nuclei of both parents, but their genetic similarities were predominated by either parent. The hybrid strain between P. florida and P. ostreatus showed patterns more similar to P. florida, while the hybrid strain between P. ostreatus and P. ostreatus either had patterns predominated by either parent strain or indicated half-and-half combined patterns of both parents. 82.4% of the hybrid strain showed mitochondrial DNA patterns predominated by either parent, while the remaining 17.6% had half-and-half combined patterns of both parents.

The fruiting body colors of the mono-mono crosses mostly had combined colors of both parents but showed the tendency of being more similar to that of either parent. 82% of the hybrid strain indicated similar fruiting body yields compared to both parent strains, while 0% was higher and 18% were lower than both parents.

The fruiting body yields (g) of the strain between dikaryons and monokaryons are generally greater than those of mono-mono crosses, and many of them developed better fruiting bodies than their parent strains.

The present study was able to find out and suggest superior hybrid species by identifying the nuclear and mitochondrial DNA patterns of hybrids between Pleurotus species as well as the characteristics of their fruiting bodies. This study expects that the advantages of the di-mono crossing are needs to be fully utilized in mushroom breeding and it is better to develop superior species of Pleurotus spp. strains together with the mono-mono crossing.