한국 여자 소아비만의 환경 및 영양상태 분석

Abstract

This study examined child obesity rate through the index by using the obesity index(OI), Rӧhrer index(RI), child growth curve index(GDI), and body mass index(BMI) of third grader female students of elementary school located in Guro-gu, Seoul. And the study examined the difference based on the criteria for child obesity through the analysis of environment affecting the children, the blood analysis, and the nutrition intake condition against the obesity index. The results of the analysis is described below, which would be useful in establishing appropriate index.

1. Based on the result of the survey on obesity, 87(16.2%) were found to have under weight children, 400 had normal weight(74.3%), and 51(9.5%) were obese when OI method of the Korean Pediatric Society(2007) was applied. Meanwhile, 50(9.3%) were under weight, 359(74.3%) had normal weight, and 51(24.0%) were obese when they were classified by RI method. Based on the classification by GCI method, 250(46.5%) were below <100%, 218(40.5%) fell between 100%-120%, and 70(13.5%) were above ≥120%. The measurement of body mass index(BMI), which used the growth chart(2007) of the Korea Center of the Disease Control and Prevention and the Korea Pediatric Society, indicated that 444(82.5%) were below <85th percentile, 64(11.9%) fell between 85-95th percentile, and 30 were equal to or below ≥95th percentile, and the obesity was found to be the highest when it was measured by RI.

2. The average weight measured at the birth was 3.2±0.4㎏, which indicated that the weight at the birth was higher among children with BMI of the ≥95th percental or higher, and the difference was statistically significant(p<0.01). And significant difference(p<0.05) was found in BMI of their parents when measured by OI, RI, GCI method. Based on the OI and RI obesity determination method, the shorter their mothers were, the more obese the children were, which was statistically significant(p<0.05).

3. Most of the children were the eldest son of the family that had two offsprings(the children which were the subject of this study and their single sister or brother). When their obesity was measured by RI and GCI in the present family, a significant difference(p<0.05) was found as to whether they were living together with their maternal grandmother. In terms of the type of disease that is run in the family, 39.0% of the families of the children had paternal grandparents suffering from diabetes, which showed a statistically significant difference(p<0.05) when the OI, RI, BMI method was applied.

4. Children who had never taken oriental medicine or supplementary health food accounted for 64%, and the oriental medicine made from young antlers of the deer comprised 51.3% of all oriental medicines that they had ever taken. The average age when they started to take oriental medicine was 6.4±2.5, and obese children was found to have begun to take oriental medicine earlier than others when the obesity was measured by BMI, which showed a statistically significant difference(p<0.05). The intake of fruit and milk among other refreshments showed a significant difference(p<0.05) when OI, RI, GCI, and BMI method was applied. Obese children had the least intake of fruit while they were found to have the highest intake of milk when the obesity was measured by OI, RI, and GCI.

5. A significant difference(p<0.01) was found in the measurement of obesity by BMI against the height in relation to the body measurement and blood analysis. Meanwhile, the highest significant difference(p<0.001) was found among obese children when the obesity was measured by Waist Circumference(WC). Based on the blood analysis, significant difference(p<0.001) was found in Triglyceride(TG) measured by all methods using OI, RI, GCI, and BMI. Also, a significant difference(p<0.001) was found in Total Cholesterol(TC) and LDL-cholesterol concentration which was measured by the method using OI and RI. HDL-cholesterol concentration showed a significant difference(p<0.005) in all groups. Though no significant difference was found in Fasting blood sugar(FBS) among different groups, a significant difference (p<0.001) was found in the insulin concentration and HOMA-IR from the obesity evaluation.

6. The results of the analysis on nutrition intake condition, female children indicated that the average nutrition intake was 1505.0±319.5kcal which did not meet the minimum calorie intake level of 1700kcal recommended for female children from 9 to 11 years old based on the Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans(KDRIs). Based on the evaluation of obesity by OI, a statistical difference was found in the intake of vitamin B and iron. Meanwhile, a statistical difference was found in the intake of animal and plant lipid, the ratio between animal lipid and plant lipid, and iron when the obesity was measured by GCI. A statistical difference(p<0.05) was found in the intake of plant lipid, retinol, vitamin B, and iron when the measurement was based on BMI, while no significant difference was found in the intake of nutrition in the case of RI. When the nutrition deficiency rate was derived from the average required nutrition, the most deficient nutrition was folic acid(59.7%), followed by calcium(53.5%), iron(38.8%), vitamin C(33.3%), vitamin A(16.6%), zinc(15.3%), phosphorus(13.1%), niacin(9.3%), vitamin B(3.7%), vitamin B(1.7%), and vitamin B(1.6%), which suggests that folic acid and calcium are the most deficient among obese children.

Therefore, this study provides the basis for shedding light on the obesity of female children based on the obesity index, examining the environment affecting the children and the difference in the intake of nutrition, and establishing the obesity index that links the environment of children and the current condition of their nutrition intake through the cross-analysis of obesity index.