오페라 <나비부인>과 뮤지컬 <미스사이공> 비교·분석

Abstract

자코모 푸치니(Giacomo Puccini, 1858-1924)의 오페라 <나비부인>(Madama Butterfly, 1904)은 <라보엠>(La Boheme, 1896), <토스카> (Tosca, 1900)와 함께 푸치니의 3대 오페라에 속한다. 푸치니는 1900년에 런던에서 연극으로 만들어진 피에르 로티(Pierre Loti, 1850-1923)의 소설 <마담 크리상템>(Madame Chrysantheme, 1887)을 관람한 후, 영감을 받아 오페라 <나비부인>을 작곡한다. 푸치니는 자신이 이태리 출신 이였음에도 불구하고 그의 오페라 작품들에 세계 여러 나라를 배경으로 하여 작품을 만들었다. <서부의 아가씨>(La Fanciulla del West, 1910)는 미국의 캘리포니아를, <제비>(La Rondine, 1917)는 프랑스의 파리를, 그리고 <투란도트>(Turandot, 1926)는 중국을 배경으로 하여 작곡하였다. 이는 오페라의 배경과 소재를 본인의 고국인 이태리와 유럽으로만 국한시키지 않고 세계 여러 나라로 확장함으로서 그의 세계주의적인 경향이 작품에 잘 반영되어졌음을 보여주고 있다. 푸치니는 오페라 <나비부인>에서 당시의 많은 예술가들을 매료시켰던 동양의 신비함과 아름다움을 그의 수려하고 대중적인 선율에 잘 담아내고 있다. 오페라 <나비부인>은 1900년대 초반의 일본 개화기 시절, 미군을 사랑한 일본 여인 초초상의 이야기를 담은 오페라이다. <나비부인> 오페라 작품을 배경으로 하여 현대적인 감각의 뮤지컬로 재탄생 되어진 작품이 클로드 미셸 숀베르그(Claude-Michel Shonberg 1944- )의 뮤지컬 <미스사이공>(Miss Saigon, 1989)이다. 이 뮤지컬은 <캣츠>(Cats, 1981), <레미제라블>(Les Miserables, 1985), <오페라의 유령>(Phantom Of The Opera, 1986)과 함께 세계 4대 뮤지컬에 속하는 작품으로서, 이 작품 역시 서양인들의 호기심을 자극한 이색적인 동양무대라는 점을 큰 특징으로 한다. 베트남 전쟁을 배경으로 미군 병사 크리스와 베트남 여인 킴의 애절하고도 비극적인 사랑이야기를 담은 뮤지컬 <미스사이공>의 모티브는 알랭 부브릴(Alain Boublil, 1941- )과 숀베르그가 1985년 10월 영국 신문에 실린 베트남 관련 기사에서 영감을 얻어 작품을 만들게 되었다. 기사와 함께 실린 공항에서의 모녀의 이별 사진은 극작가 부브릴과 작곡가 숀베르그에게 <미스사이공> 창작의 중요한 계기를 가져온다. 오페라 <나비부인>과 뮤지컬 <미스사이공>은 이야기의 배경이 1900년대 초반에서 후반으로 이동하게 되지만 <미스사이공>은 현대판 <나비부인>으로 보아도 무방할 정도로 단지 배경과 시대만 바뀌었을 뿐 두 작품은 이야기의 상당부분을 공유하고 있다. 오페라와 뮤지컬이라는 다른 장르로 쓰여 진 작품임에도 불구하고 '비극적인 사랑'에 대한 공통적인 주제를 담고 있는 이 두 작품이 역사적, 음악적, 심리적으로 어떤 차이점을 가지고 있는지를 살펴보는 것은 보다 심도 있는 분석을 위한 필요한 과정이다. 나아가 소재가 더 이상 시대적으로 공감되지 못한다는 이유로 2001년 1월을 마지막으로 브로드웨이 무대에서 막을 내린 <미스사이공>을 재조명해 보는 작업은 2000년대를 살아가는 현대인에게 시사하는 바가 크다고 할 수 있다.|Giacomo Puccini's(1858~1924) opera, Madama Butterfly[1904] is known to us as one of his greatest work along with LA Boheme(1896) and Tosca(1900). Puccini composes Madama butterfly after watching the play version of Pierre Loti's(1850-1923) Madame Chrysantheme(1887) in London. Even though he was originally from Italy, he have used background settings from various countries. For instance, the setting of La Fanciulla del West (1910)'s is California America, La Rondine's, (1917) setting is Paris in France, and Turandot(1926) was based on setting of China. By this, we can see his cosmopolitanism in the works as he tries to expand the horizon throughout the world, rather than limiting himself to the background and story materials from his own country and other European countries. In the opera Madama butterfly, he employed mystique of Asia and beauty in his graceful and yet popular melody which was fascinated by many artists at that time. Madama butterfly, takes place in early 1900 of the flowering stage in modern civilization of Japan, where Japanese women Cho-Cho san, who has fallen in love with an American soldier. The American naval's first lieutenant officer Pinkerton marries Cho-Cho san and does not return back from his country. Cho-Cho san bears his child and she waits for his return faithfully. As he returns after 3years with woman named Kate, who have been married to him. They try to take the child back to USA, and by the shock of this, she suicides and that's the sorrowful story of Madama butterfly. The modern musical was created by using the background of the Madama butterfly by Claude-Michel Shönberg(1944- ) as production named Miss Saigon(1989). Miss Saigon is known to us as one of the four greatest musicals in the world along with Cats(1981), The phantom of the Opera(1986), and Les Miserables(1987) This production also has the Asian background which stimulated the Asian curiosity by western civilization. This sad and tragic story of American soldier Chris and Vietnam woman Kim in the Vietnam war was brought through inspiration after reading London newspaper's article about Vietnam war in October, 1985 by Alain Boublil(1941- ) and Shönberg(1944- ). The newspaper's picture of mother and daughter's parting at the airport has made them start writing the musical Miss Saigon. These two productions, Miss Saigon and Madama Butterfly shares so much in common and only the difference in between would be the background and time of era. Even as the backgrounds of these two stories are different, the deep impression we get from both stories has no change in them. Even as these production is written in two different genre of opera and musical, there is no doubt that it carries 'tragic love', which leaves us to deeply analyze their difference in history, music, and psychology for the sake of production. Furthermore, as Miss Saigon ends its last performance in Jan, 2001 as the production can't sympathize with the present time, by shedding new light to the production will give great implication for the people living in era of 2000. Giacomo Puccini's(1858~1924) opera, Madama Butterfly[1904] is known to us as one of his greatest work along with LA Boheme(1896) and Tosca(1900). Puccini composes Madama butterfly after watching the play version of Pierre Loti's(1850-1923) Madame Chrysantheme(1887) in London. Even though he was originally from Italy, he have used background settings from various countries. For instance, the setting of La Fanciulla del West (1910)'s is California America, La Rondine's, (1917) setting is Paris in France, and Turandot(1926) was based on setting of China. By this, we can see his cosmopolitanism in the works as he tries to expand the horizon throughout the world, rather than limiting himself to the background and story materials from his own country and other European countries. In the opera Madama butterfly, he employed mystique of Asia and beauty in his graceful and yet popular melody which was fascinated by many artists at that time. Madama butterfly, takes place in early 1900 of the flowering stage in modern civilization of Japan, where Japanese women Cho-Cho san, who has fallen in love with an American soldier. The American naval's first lieutenant officer Pinkerton marries Cho-Cho san and does not return back from his country. Cho-Cho san bears his child and she waits for his return faithfully. As he returns after 3years with woman named Kate, who have been married to him. They try to take the child back to USA, and by the shock of this, she suicides and that's the sorrowful story of Madama butterfly. The modern musical was created by using the background of the Madama butterfly by Claude-Michel Shönberg(1944- ) as production named Miss Saigon(1989). Miss Saigon is known to us as one of the four greatest musicals in the world along with Cats(1981), The phantom of the Opera(1986), and Les Miserables(1987) This production also has the Asian background which stimulated the Asian curiosity by western civilization. This sad and tragic story of American soldier Chris and Vietnam woman Kim in the Vietnam war was brought through inspiration after reading London newspaper's article about Vietnam war in October, 1985 by Alain Boublil(1941- ) and Shönberg(1944- ). The newspaper's picture of mother and daughter's parting at the airport has made them start writing the musical Miss Saigon. These two productions, Miss Saigon and Madama Butterfly shares so much in common and only the difference in between would be the background and time of era. Even as the backgrounds of these two stories are different, the deep impression we get from both stories has no change in them. Even as these production is written in two different genre of opera and musical, there is no doubt that it carries 'tragic love', which leaves us to deeply analyze their difference in history, music, and psychology for the sake of production. Furthermore, as Miss Saigon ends its last performance in Jan, 2001 as the production can't sympathize with the present time, by shedding new light to the production will give great implication for the people living in era of 2000.