여고생의 체중조절과 섭식 양상에 관한 실태 조사 연구

Abstract

본 연구는 여자 고등학생을 대상으로 하여 비만도와 체중조절 관심도, 영양지식, 생활 습관, 영양소 섭취 수준을 조사하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 부산광역시에 거주하는 여고생 379명이었으며, 체중과 신장을 근거로 체질량지수에 따라 저체중군, 정상체중군 및 과체중군으로 분류하였다. 연구 방법은 질문지법을 사용하여 항목별로 직접 기록하였으며, 자료 분석은 SPSS/PC 프로그램을 이용하였고, 빈도 수, 평균, 표준편차 및 백분율, 일원배치 분산분석, χ^(2)검증, Duncan의 다중 범위 검증을 사용하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 조사대상자의 연령은 19세가 68.7％로 가장 많았고, 가족수는 4~5명이 80.5％로 가장 많았으며 가계수입은 150~200만원이 37.8％로 차지하였고 대상자들의 한달 용돈은 2~5만원이 62.5％로 가장 많았다. 평균 신장은 162.1cm이고, 평균 체중은 53.2k9이었으며 BMI는 평균 20.2±1.99 kg/㎡이고 Broca index의 평균은 124.8±13.09％로 나타났다. 2. 체형에 대한 인식도에서는 자신의 체형에 대해서는 약간 살찐 체형으로 인식하는 경우가 많았고, 과체중군만이 자신의 체형에 대해 올바른 인식을 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다(p＜0.001). 아버지의 경우 날씬한 체형이 가장 많았고, 어머니의 체형 역시 날씬한 체형이 많았으며 체중군별로 유의적 차이는 없었다. 3. 체중조절 관심도에서 약간 관심이 있는 편이 가장 많았고, 과체중군으로 갈수록 체중조절 관심도가 높게 나타났으며(p＜0.01), 관심 시기는 중학교 때가 가장 많았고 과체중군으로 갈수록 관심 시기가 빨라졌다(p＜0.001). 관심을 가지는 이유는 스스로 뚱뚱하다고 생각되어서가 가장 많았으며, 과체중군으로 갈수록 높게 나타났다(p＜0.001). 과거 체중조절 시도경험에 대해서는 체중조절을 앞으로 해볼 것이다가 가장 많았고 과체중군으로 갈수록 과거시도경험이 많았다 (p＜0.05). 4. 체중조절에 관한 시도에서는 줄이는 방향이 거의 대부분이었고(p＜0.001), 효과적인 방법으로 운동량을 늘린다가 가장 많았으며, 체중군별 유의적 차이는 없었다. 체중을 줄이려는 이유로 날씬해지고 싶은 생각이 가장 많았고, 과체중군에서는 옷맵시가 나지 않아서가 가장 높았으며 조사 대상자의 체형에 대한 잘못된 인식을 알 수 있었다. 현재 체중 조절 여부는 노력하지 않는다가 가장 높아 단지 체중조절에 대한 생각만을 가지고 있을 뿐 실천은 하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 5. 체중조절 관심도에 따른 식생활 점수는 관심도가 높은 대상에서 가장 높았고, 관심도가 낮을수록 식생활 점수도 낮았다(P＜0.05). 영양지식 점수는 체중조절 관심도가 높아질수록 높았고, BMI는 관심도가 높아질수록 높게 나타났다(P＜0.001). 관심도에 따라 섭취열량, 단백질, 칼슘, 철분에서 유의적 차이는 없었다. 6. 생활 패턴에서는 잠자는 시간은 5-6시간이 가장 많았고, TV시청시간은 1시간정도, 인터넷 시간은 하지 않는다가 가장 많았으며, 체중군별 생활습관은 유의적 차이가 없었다. 운동에서는 어느 운동도 하지 않는다가 가장 높았고 과체중군에서는 일정시간 걷거나 뛴다와 운동 시간은 10분이내가 많았다. 7. 식생활 태도 점수는 평균 31.43점이었고 과체중군에서 높았으며, 식생활 문제점은 폭식이 가장 많았고 저체중군은 식품에 대한 편견과 편식이 지적되었으나 체중군별 유의적 차이는 없었다. 8. 식품 섭취 빈도는 생선류, 육류, 콩류, 난류, 해조류, 녹황색 채소류, 튀김·볶음 등, 가공식품, 인스턴트 식품, 패스트푸드, 콜라·사이다 등, 면류의 섭취가 1주일에 1-2회로 가장 많았고, 우유·유제품 등은 1주일에 3-4회이상 섭취하는 빈도가 높았으며 과일류는 매일 먹는다가 가장 높았고 그외의 채소류 및 빵·감자·고구마가 1주일에 3-4회로 가장 많았다. 본인의 식습관에 미치는 요인으로는 가족 전체의 식습관이 가장 영향을 주었지만 체중군별 유의적 차이는 없었다. 9. 영양지식은 평균 22.93점으로 과체중군에서 약간 높게 나타났으나 체중군별 유의적 차이는 없었으며 지식수준이 비슷하였다. 영양소 섭취량 중 칼슘이 영양권장량에 못 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 열량 및 단백질, 철분, 비타민A, 비타민 B_(1), 비타민B_(2), 나이아신, 비타민C의 섭취량은 권장량을 초과하였으며, 체중군별 열량은 과체중군이 낮았고(P＜0.05), 그 외의 영양소에서는 유의적 차이는 없었다. 섭취열량에 대한 3대 영양소 비율을 한국인 권장 비율과 비교해 보면 탄수화물 및 단백질의 에너지 섭취율은 약간 높고 지방은 낮게 나타났으며 지방은 특히 과체중군에서 낮았다(P＜0.05).|The goal of this study is to examine fatness degree, interest degree of weight control, nutrition knowledge, life habit, level of nutrition intake on the students at girls' high schools. Study subjects were 399 students at girls' high schools who dwell in Pusan Megalopolis, and this researcher classified into low weight group, normal weight group, and over-weight group in accordance with weight index on the basis of weight and height. As for study method, this researcher recorded by items directly by using questionnaire. And, as for data analysis, this researcher used SPSS/PC program and used frequency, average, standard deviation, percentage, dispersed analysis of unitary arrangement, x verification, and multiple range verification of Duncan. This findings is as follows: 1. As for the age of survey subjects, 19-year-old-students were most. And, as for the number of family, 4-5 were most as 80.5％. And, as for house hold income, 1,500-2,000 thousand Won occupied 37.8％. And, as for the pocket money of subjects for 1 month, 20-50 thousand Won was most as 62.5％. Average height is 163.1 cm, average weight was 53.2 kg, the average of HMI was 20.2 1.99kg/m, and the average of Broca index appeared as 124.8+13.00％. 2. In the recognition degree about bodily type, there are many cases to recognize their own bodily type as a little fat bodily type, and it emerged that only over-weight group is recognizing their own bodily type right(p＜0.001). About the bodily type of fathers, slim bodily type was most. And, about the bodily type of mothers, slim bodily type was most. And, there was not significant difference by weight groups. 3. In the interest degree of weight control, cases to have a little interest were most. And, in case of over-weight groups, the interest degree of weight control showed high(p＜0.001). And, as for interest period, middle schoo days were most. And, in case of over-weight groups, interest period became fast(p＜0.001). About the reason to have interest, to have the thought to be fat for themselves was most. And, in case of over-weight groups, it showed high(p＜0.001). About the experience to try the weight control in the past, it was most to try to do weight control in the future. And, in case of over-weight groups, the experiences to try in the past were most (p＜0.05). 4. In the trial for weight control, direction to reduce is majority almost(p＜0.001), and increasing exercise quantity with effective method was most, and there was not significant difference by weight groups. As for the reasons to try to weight, the thought to want to be slim was most, that wear is not good is most in over-weight group. So, this researcher could know the wrong recognition about the bodily type of survey subject. About the existence of non-existence of present weight control, it is most not to make efforts. So, it emerged that they have only the thought for weight control but they don't practise. 5. Dietary life marks to be based on the interest degree of weight control was highest in the subject that interest is high. And, as interest degree is low, dietary life marks was low(P＜0.005). The marks of nutrition knowledge was high, as the interest degree of weight control became higher. And, BMI showed high, as interest degree increased(P＜0.001). There was not significant difference in intake calory, protein, calcium, and iron content in accordance with interest degree. 6. As for life pattern, 5-6 hours were most in the hours to sleep, 1 hour or so. was most in the hours to watch TV, not to do was most in intenet hours, and there was not significant difference in the life habit by weight groups. As for exercise, it was most not to do any exercise, walking and running for constant hours were most in over-weight group, and hours within 10 minutes was most in exercise hours. 7. The marks of dietary life attitude was 31.43 on the average. And, it was high in over-weight group. And, as for the point at issue of dietary life, overeating was most. And, the prejudice and unbalanced diet for food were indicated in low weight group. But, there was not significant differ ence by weight groups. 8. As for the frequency of food intake, the intake of fish kind, kind of flesh and meat, bean kind, egg kind, sea plant kind, green-yellow vegetable kind, processed food such as frying and roasting, instant food, fast-food, cola, cider, and noodle kind was most over once-twice for 1 week. And, as for milk and milk product, frequence to take over 3-4 times for 1 week was highest. And, as for fruit kind, it was highest to eat everyday. And, as for other vegetable kind, bread, potato, and sweet potato, 3 times-4 times were most for 1 week. As for primary factor to affect my dietary life, the dietary life of family whole had most influence, but there was not signicant difference by weight groups. 9. Nutrition knowledge showed a little high as 22.93 marks on the average in over-weight group, but there was not significant difference by weight groups, and knowledge leve was similar. It emerged that calcium fails to reach the caloric-encouragement out of the intake quantity of nutritions. And, the calory and the intake quantity of protein, iron, Vitamin A, Vitamin B_(1), Vitamin B_(2), Niacin, and Vitamin C exceeded caloric-encouragement. And, the calory by weight groups was low in over-weight group(P＜0.05). And, there was not significant difference in other nutritions. To compare the 3 nutrition rate for intake calory with the encouragement rate of Koreans, it emerged that the intake rate of energy of saccharide and protein was a little high and the fat was low. And, it was low in over-weight group, especially.