사회복지시설에 거주하는 여자노인의 영양섭취상태와 식사의 질 평가
- Alternative Title
- Evaluation of Nutrient Intake Status and Dietary Quality in Elderly Women of Living in the Social Welfare Facilities
- Abstract
- 본 연구의 목적은 시설에 입소한 후부터 현재까지 거주한 기간에 따른 여자노인의 영양소 섭취상태와 식사의 질을 평가하고자 하였다. 현재 26만 명이 요양서비스를 이용하고 있으며 이들의 주요 특성은 80세 이상 후기노령인구(45%), 치매·중풍 질환자(54%), 여성(71%)로 나타났다(보건복지부 2010). 비율적으로 남자보다는 여자노인의 이용률이 높으므로 여자노인만을 대상으로 했고, 이를 통해서 영양실태를 파악하고 사회복지시설 노인의 영양관리 상태에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다.
시설거주 기간에 따라 3개월 미만(35명), 3-6개월(43명), 6개월-1년(27명), 1년 이상(42명)의 4개 군으로 분류했다. 연구방법으로는 설문조사와 식사에서 섭취하지 않은 음식과 잔반량을 제하여 식사섭취조사를 행하였고, 그것을 토대로 식사의 질을 평가했다.
조사대상자의 연령은 모든 군에서 81세 이상이 40%로 높았고 신장, 체중은 거주기간에 상관없이 각각 150~152cm, 49~52kg으로 나타났다. BMI는 21~23kg/m²로 18.5≤BMI<23(정상체중)이 모든 군에서 높게 나타나 유의적인 차이는 없었다.
1일 평균 에너지 섭취량은 6개월-1년이 1765.89kcal로 한국인 필요추정량의 110.4%, 1년 이상은 1726.88kcal, 107.9%로 높은 수준의 에너지 섭취량을 나타냈지만 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 거주기간이 6개월 이상인 경우 식물성 단백질, 탄수화물, 식이섬유, 회분, 칼륨, 식물성 철분의 섭취가 6개월 미만보다 높았고, 동물성 지방만이 6개월 미만에서 유의적으로 높았다. 평균필요량보다 부족하게 섭취하는 영양소는 철분으로 3-6개월이 6개월 이상보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다.
식사의 질 평가지수인 영양소 적정섭취비(NAR)는 모든 영양소에서 시설거주 기간에 따라 비슷한 수준이었고, 평균영양소 적정섭취비(MAR)는 전반적으로 영양소 섭취의 질이 높은 것으로 나타났다.
체중별 1000 kcal당 영양밀도는 시설거주 기간이 3-6개월인 경우에 동물성 단백질, 지방, 동물성 지방, 비타민 B1, 비타민 B2, 나이아신의 밀도가 높았고, 6개월 이상인 경우에는 6개월 미만보다 탄수화물, 식이섬유, 나트륨의 밀도가 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 6개월 미만인 경우에는 비타민 E, 동물성 철분의 밀도가 높고, 1년 이상인 경우에 회분, 식물성 철분의 밀도가 높았으며, 3개월 미만으로 짧은 경우에 아연의 밀도가 유의적으로 높게 나타난 것을 알 수 있었다.
식사의 다양성을 조사하기 위해서 KDDS(Korean's Dietary Diversity Score)를 평가한 결과는 시설거주 기간이 길수록 KDDS가 5인 경우가 많고, 평균값도 거주한 기간이 길수록 높았다. 또한 다섯 가지 주요 식품군이 식사 내 모두 포함된 경우가 시설거주 기간이 6개월 이상으로 긴 경우에 높았고, 유제품을 기준 분량 이상 섭취하지 않은 비율은 6개월 이하로 짧은 경우에 높은 것을 알 수 있다.
결론적으로 영양소 섭취 및 식사태도가 시설거주 기간에 따라 큰 차이를 보이고 있지 않았다. 급식으로부터의 영양소 섭취비율을 분석한 결과 단백질, 비타민A, 비타민B6 등의 영양소 섭취량은 하루 권장수준의 125%를 초과하는 수준이었다. 또한 엽산의 경우 권장섭취수준의 75%미만으로 섭취하고 있어 문제점으로 지적될 수 있으며, 이와 같은 영양소를 질적으로 우수한 섭취를 할 수 있도록 계획적인 식사구성이 요구되어진다. 한편 식사에서 식품군의 다양성 정도를 파악하는 식품군점수와 섭취패턴에서는 6개월 이상이 6개월 미만보다 높게 평가되었는데, 이는 요양시설 입소초기에는 적응에 시일이 걸려 급식을 제공받더라도 잘 먹지 못하기 때문으로 사료된다.
그러나 장기간으로 볼 때 영양사가 배치되어 있는 시설에서의 급식 및 영양관리가 대체적으로 효율적으로 운영되고 있으며, 노인들의 영양섭취가 양호해질 수 있도록 영양사가 배치되어 있는 사회복지시설을 이용하는 것이 건강증진을 위한 하나의 방법이 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.
| The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutrient intake status and the dietary quality according to the period of having lived up to now from entering the facilities. In ratio, elderly women are higher in the use ratio than men. Thus, only the elderly women were targeted. Through this, the aim is to grasp the actual condition of nutrients, and to offer basic data to the nutrition management status in the elderly of the social welfare facilities.
According to period of living in the facilities, 4 groups were classified such as under 3 months(n=35), 3-6 months(n=43), 6 months-1 year(n=27), and over 1 year(n=42). As for a research method, it performed the questionnaire survey and the meal intake survey except the food of having not been taken and the leftover food amount. Based on it, the quality of meal was evaluated.
As for age in survey subjects, all the groups were high in over 81 years old with 40%. Height, weight, BMI were indicated to be, respectively, 150~152cm, 49~52kg, 21~23kg/m² regardless of the dwelling period. As for BMI, 18.5≤BMI<23(normal weight) was indicated to be high in all the groups. Thus, there was no significant difference.
As for average energy intake volume per a day, 6 months-1 year was 1765.89kcal, thereby having indicated 110.4% of the estimated volume necessary for a Korean. Over 1 year was 1726.88kcal, thereby having shown the energy intake amount in high level with 107.9%. However, significant difference wasn't shown. In case of being long in the dwelling period with over 6 months, the intake of plant protein, carbohydrate, dietary fiber, ash content, kalium, and plant iron was higher than under 6 months. Only animal fat was significantly high in under 6 months. Nutrient, which is taken insufficiently more than the average required amount, was iron. 3-6 months was shown to be significantly higher than over 6 months.
NAR(Nutrient Adequacy Ratio), which is the evaluation index of the dietary quality, was similar level in all the nutrients according to the period of living in the facilities. MAR(Mean Adequacy Ratio), which is the average nutrient, was indicated to be wholly high in quality of nutrient intake.
As for the nutritional density per 1000 kcal by weight, a case of 3-6 months in the period of living in the facilities was high in density of animal protein, fat, animal fat, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and niacin. A case of being over 6 months was indicated to be higher in density of carbohydrate, dietary fiber, and sodium than being under 6 months. In case of being under 6 months, the density in vitamin E and animal iron was high. In case of being over 1 year, the density in ash and plant iron was high. In case of being short with under 3 months, the density of zinc could be known to be indicated to be high.
As for the results that evaluated KDDS in order to survey diversity in a meal, the longer period of living in the facilities led to the larger in a case of being 5 in KDDS. Even the average value was higher in the longer period of living. Also, a case that 5 major food groups are included all within a meal was high in a case of being long period of living in the facilities with 6 months. The ratio of having not taken more than the standard volume of milk products can be known to be high in a case of being short with under 6 months.
In conclusion, the big difference wasn't indicated in nutrient take and meal attitude according to the period of living in the facilities. As a result of analyzing the nutrient intake ratio from meal service, the nutrient intake amount in protein, vitamin A, and vitamin B6 was the level of exceeding 125% of the daily recommended level. Also, some nutrients are being taken with under 75% of the recommended intake level, thereby being able to be indicated as a problem. The planned meal composition is demanded so that these nutrients can be taken qualitatively and excellently. Meanwhile, in the food-group score and the intake pattern of grasping diversity level of food group in a meal, over 6 months was evaluated to be higher than under 6 months. This is considered to be accredited to failing to eat well even if being offered meal because of being taken days for adjustment in the early days of entering the care facilities.
However, in the long term, the meal service and nutritional management in the facilities of being distributed nutritionist are being efficiently operated as a whole. Using the social welfare facilities where nutritionist is distributed in order to get better in the nutrient intake of the elderly is thought to be likely able to be one method for promoting health.
- Author(s)
- 강소영
- Issued Date
- 2011
- Awarded Date
- 2011-02
- Type
- Dissertation
- URI
- https://repository.sungshin.ac.kr/handle/2025.oak/3954
http://dcollection.sungshin.ac.kr/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000006642
- Alternative Author(s)
- Kang, So Young
- Affiliation
- 성신여자대학교 교육대학원
- Department
- 교육대학원 영양교육
- Advisor
- 안홍석
- Table Of Contents
- 논문개요
Ⅰ. 서 론 ················································································ 1
Ⅱ. 연구내용 및 방법 ································································ 4
1. 연구대상 및 시기 ································································ 4
2. 연구방법 및 내용 ································································ 4
1) 설문조사 ········································································· 4
2) 식사섭취조사 ······························································ 4
3. 식사의 질 평가 ··································································· 5
1) 영양소 적정섭취비(NAR: Nutrient Adequacy Ratio)와
평균 영양소 적정섭취비(MAR :Mean Adequacy Ratio) ·········· 5
2) 영양밀도(Nutrient Density: ND)와
영양의 질적 지수(Index of Nutritional Quality: INQ) ············ 6
3) KDDS(Korean's Dietary Diversity Score)와
주요 식품군 섭취패턴(Food Group Intake Pattern) ············· 6
4. 통계분석 ············································································ 7
Ⅲ. 연구 결과 ·········································································· 9
1. 연구대상자의 일반적 특성 ···················································· 9
2. 시설거주 기간에 따른 신체계측 ·········································· 14
3. 전반적인 식사태도에 관한 사항 ·········································· 16
4. 영양소 섭취 평가 ······························································ 21
1) 영양소 섭취의 양적 평가 ················································· 21
(1) 영양소 섭취량 평가 ······················································ 21
(2) 영양소 적정섭취비(Nutrient Adequacy Ratio, NAR)와
평균영양소 적정섭취비(Mean Adequacy Ratio, MAR) ···· 27
2) 영양소 섭취의 질적 평가 ················································· 29
(1) 영양 밀도(Nutrient Density, ND) ································· 29
(2) 영양의 질적지수(Index of Nutritional Quality, INQ) ······ 32
5. 식품 섭취평가 ·································································· 33
1) 식품 및 식품군 섭취를 통한 식품섭취의 양적평가 ··············· 33
2) 식품 및 식품군 섭취를 통한 식품섭취의 질적평가 ··············· 35
(1) KDDS (Korean's Dietary Diversity Score) ················· 35
(2) 주요 식품군 섭취패턴 ··················································· 36
Ⅳ. 고찰 ······························································· 38
Ⅴ. 요약 및 결론 ······························································· 47
참고문헌
ABSTRACT
부록(설문지)
- Degree
- Master
- Publisher
- 성신여자대학교 교육대학원
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