夢陽 呂運亨 硏究 : 中國에서의 獨立運動을 中心으로

Abstract

본 연구는 일제 강점의 시대와 광복직후의 혼란기 가운데서 독립운동의 지도자이자 정치가였던 夢陽 呂運亨(1886~1947)에 대해 中國에서의 獨立運動을 중심으로 고찰한 것이다. 夢陽의 중국 망명이전의 활동은 두 시기로 나누어 고찰하였다. 우선, 1886~1907년은 愛國思想形成期로서, 呂運亨의 어린시절은 위정척사파와 애국계몽운동이 대립되던 시기로 그는 漢學을 배웠으나, 근대적 학문과 사상도 쉽게 수용할 수 있는 시대적 분위기 속에서 성장하면서 배재학당에 입학하여 기독교를 접하고 기독교 신앙을 민족주의와 연결시키는 배경을 갖게 되었다. 그 뒤, 1907~1914년은 愛國啓蒙活動期로서, 중국망명 직전까지의 활동기이다. 1905년 을사늑약 이후 일본에게 외교권을 박탈당한 이후로, 呂運亨은 애국계몽 활동을 벌임으로서 애국사상을 표출했는데, 그 구체적인 활동으로는 첫째, 일본인 관리 수중으로 이관된 官立 郵遞學校를 자퇴했다. 둘째, 家奴들을 해방시킴으로서 사회계몽에 앞장섰다. 셋째, 新民會 청년회원으로서 애국연설과 光東學校 · 草堂義塾 학교를 통한 교육계몽활동을 전개하였다. 1914년 1차 세계대전의 발발하자 趙東祜와 함께 중국으로 망명한 呂運亨은 본격적 독립운동을 전개하게 된다. 중국에서의 呂運亨의 독립활동은 크게 두 가지로 나누어 살펴보았다. 첫째, 臨時政府의 組織과 獨立活動으로서, 대한민국임시정부 수립에 교두보 역할를 하는 新韓靑年黨을 조직하여 활동하게 되고, 대한민국임시정부가 수립되었을 때는 의정원과 외무의원으로 재임했다. 그러나 대한민국임시정부 수립부터 갈등을 초래하여 임시정부활동보다는 上海?屑텁?의 활동을 공식적으로 펴게 되었다. 그는 仁成學校를 설립하여 한인 자제들의 교육에 힘쓰면서 특히, 국어와 국사를 중점적으로 교육시킴으로서 국혼적 교육에 주력하였고, 上海 僑民들에게 강연회 · 강습회를 통한 계몽운동을 벌여 국제사회에 비칠 한국인들의 문화적 수준을 고양시켰다. 둘째, 중국에서의 애국활동으로서, 일본침략자들의 규탄을 통해 항일운동을 했다. 呂運亨은 각 민족은 스스로 생존권을 보유할 수 있는 것으로 식민지 정책을 비난하며 神이 주신 평등과 자유를 주장하여 일본에 한국의 독립정신을 심어주었다. 그러나 애국단체의 강경파에 의해 구타사건을 당하기도 하였다. 呂運亨의 共産黨 참여는 한국독립의 희망을 소련쪽으로 돌린 것으로, 소련에서 열린 極東人民代表會議에서 독립운동을 지원 받고자 참석하였다. 공산주의 서적을 번역하는 일을 하였으나 당시 초기공산주의는 체계나 강령이 세워져있지 않았기 때문에 사상에 매료되기보다는 민족독립운동의 수단으로 수용했다고 보아야 될 것이다. 1920년대 중반 대한민국임시정부가 분열 · 갈등으로 무력하여지자 臨政의 국무총리인 盧伯麟을 대통령으로, 呂運亨 자신은 국무총리로서 新政府를 세워 새로운 국면으로 전환코자 쿠테타를 일으켰으나 성사되지 못했다. 좌절한 呂運亨은 독립의지을 中國革命에 참여하는 것으로 표출하게 되었다. 呂運亨의 中國에서의 獨立運動은 오직 한국독립에만 전력투구함으로서 1920년대 상해 독립운동의 임무를 담당하였다.|This thesis research the Independence movement of Mongyang Yeo Woon Hyoung(1886~1947) in China. He was a leader of Independence movement and a politican when the course of colonization by Japanese and confusion immediately after revival. This researcher studied the activity of Mongyang before his exile to China by classifying it into two periods. First, 1886-1907 is the period of patriotism formation. The childhood of Yeo, Woon Hyoung was the period when Wooijungchuksa school and patriotic enlightenment movement were opposed. Then, Yeo, Woon Hyoung learned sinology. But, as he grew up in the atmosphere of period that he could accept modem learning and thought easily, he came to have the background to connect Christianity faith with nationalism by contacting Christianity after entering Baejae School. After that, 1907-1914 was the activity period just before his exileto China as the activity period for patriotic enlightenment. After we were deprived of the diplomacy right by Japan after the Protectorate Treaty between Korea and Japan concluded in 1905, Yeo, Woon Hyoung expressed patriotism by starting the patriotic enlightenment activity. Then, the concrete activities are as follows: First, he left the post office school of government which was passed into the possession of Japanese government officials voluntarily. Second, he took the lead in the society enlightenment by releasing home servants. Third, he made the patriotism speech and started the englightenment activity for education through Kwangdong school and Chodang Euisook School as a youth member of subject association. As soon as the World War I broke out in 1914, Yeo, Woon Hyoung who exiled himself to China with Cho, Dong Ho came to start the independence movement on a full scale. This researcher examined the independence activity of Yeo, Yoon Hyoung in China by classifying it into 2 kinds greatly. First, he came to act by organizing new Korean youth party to perform the duty of bridgehead for the establishment of provisional government of the Republic of Korea with the organization of provisonal government and the independence activity, and he held office as a parliamentarian and canvasser when the provisional government of the Republic of Korea was established. However, he came to start the activity of the group of residents at Shanghai officially than provisional government activity by causing trouble from the establishment of provisional government of the Republic of Korea. He concentrated efforts on the education of national soul by educating national language and national history preponderantly, while he strived for the education of children of Koreans by founding Insung school. And, he uplifted the cultural level of Koreans which will be lit to international society by starting the enlightenment movement through lecture meeting and institute for the residents at Shanghai. Second, he started anti-Japanese movement through the impeachment of Japan invaders as the patriotism activity in China. Yeo, Woon Hyoung implanted the independence spirit of Korea in the heart of Japan and ringleader class of invasion by insisting on the equality and freedom that God gave, criticizing the colony policy with the insistence that each race may possess the right to live for itself. But, he experienced blow event by the firm school of patriotism group. As for the participation of Yeo, Woon Hyoung in communism party, he participated in the People's Representative Meeting of Far East which was held in Russia so as to be supported by independence revolution by turning the hope of Korean independence to Russia side. He did the work to translate communism books. But, as the system or general plan was not adopted in the early communism in those days, it should be deemed that he accepted it as the means of national independence revolution than he was charmed by thought. As the provisional government became incapacitated due to disunion and trouble at the mid-term in 1920s, Yeo, Woon Hyoung effected a coup d'etat so as to convert into new aspect by founding new government after making Rho, Baek Rin who was a prime minister of provisional government of a president and himself of a prime minister, but it faled to be accomplished. Frustrated Yeo, Woon Hyoung came to express independence will by participating in China revolution. As for the independence movement of Yeo, Woon Hyoung in. China, he took charge of the duty of independence movement at Shanghai at the first half year in 1920s by doing his best only for the independence of Korea.