라벨(M. Ravel)의 《둘치네의 돈키호테》(Don Quichotte à dulcinée) 분석 및 연구

Abstract

This paper is an analytical study of 《Don quichotte à dulcinée》by Maurice Ravel (1875-1937). Ravel's mother was Basque in Spain. Ravel's best friend Ricardo Viñes(1875-1943) was also Spanish. So Ravel was very interested in Spanish music and rhythmic dances. In fact, Ravel composed many works related to Spain. Don Quixote is the Spanish novel. Ravel can compose this piece with a Spanish feel to it. Ravel was compose this piece for the film adaptation of the Don Quixote novel. The lyrics were written by Paul Morand(1888-1976) a diplomat and writer who was familiar with Ravel. Ravel's piece for voice and orchestra 《Don quichotte à dulcinée》was composed in 1932-33 in France. in 1933, ravel was arrange for voice and piano. 《Don quichotte à dulcinée》 was premiered on December 1, 1934 at the Châtelle Theater in Paris. The Cologne Orchestra, conducted by Paul Paray(1886-1979), performed together. The song was sung by Martial Singher(1904-1990). Unexpectedly, this work became Ravel's last work. In this study, I divide Ravel's life into three phases to investigate this thesis in detail. I research the vocal works of Ravel together to find out the flow of music trends. Ravel's earliest works were from 1893 to 1903. During this period, Ravel wrote 11 vocal works. There are 8 songs and 3 cantatas for submission. The period from 1905 to 1912 is the middle period of Ravel. During this period, Ravel wrote 10 vocal works. Ravel's later works date from 1913. During this time, he wrote 8 works. Unusually, Ravel wrote a lot of exoticism. 9 vocal works are set in various countries such as Greece, Spain and Israel. Ravel also wrote 10 works related to Spain. Ravel is a composer who wrote works with his own originality on the basis of neoclassicism. 《Don quichotte à dulcinée》is consists of three songs. First song is 〈Chanson Romanesque〉, second song is 〈Chanson Épique〉, third song is 〈Chanson à boire〉. 〈Chanson Romanesque〉 used guahira as the main rhythm, derived from the Spanish colonial Cuban dance habanera. It uses a multimeter in 6/8 time and 3/4 time, and it shows the Spanish rhythm that gives the feeling of hemiola. This work shows Don Quixote's bluffs in delusion. The second 〈Chanson Épique〉 is a song in 5 beats that uses the rhythm of the Basque dance song Zortzico. mode and Faubourdon are used to express Don Quixote's earnest heart. The third 〈Chanson à boire〉is a three-time song using Hota Aragonesa, a dance song from Aragon, Spain. This song shows Don Quixote's drunken mood. As a result this works show Ravel's ability to fit the Spanish rhythm in the right place. This song needs to be accompanied by a good understanding of the Spanish rhythm. I hope this paper will help you play more perfectly. |본 논문은 모리스 라벨(Maurice Ravel, 1875-1937)의 《둘치네의 돈키호테》(Don quichotte à Dulcinée)의 분석을 반주자 관점에서 진행한 연구이다. 라벨의 연가곡 《둘치네의 돈키호테》는 프랑스의 외교관이자 문학가였던 폴 모랑(Paul Morand, 1888-1976)이 『돈키호테』(Don Quichotte)를 중심으로 노랫말을 붙여 완성된 작품이다. 처음에 오케스트라 버전이 1933년에 완성되었고, 동년에 피아노 반주버전이 편곡되었다. 본 연구는 피아노 버전을 가지고 분석해 보았다. 본 논문에서는 라벨의 이국주의적인 경향, 특히 어머니를 통해 물려받은 스페인음악과 바스크정체성, 스페인리듬을 어떻게 곡에 풀어내는지 알아보았다. 이를 위해서 라벨의 생애와 작품경향을 3기로 나누어 작곡가에 대한 심층 분석을 해 보았다. 그런 분석을 토대로 《둘치네의 돈키호테》 3곡에 사용된 스페인 전통리듬을 찾고, 그 민속리듬들이 각곡에서 어떻게 변형되어 사용되었는지 분석하였다. 1번곡에는 〈공상적인 노래〉(Chanson romanesque)에는 ‘구아히라’ 리듬이 오스티나토로 사용되었고, 2번곡〈서사적인 노래〉(Chanson épique)에는 ‘조르지카’ 리듬이 사용되었으며 3번곡 〈술 마시는 노래〉(Chanson à boire)에는 ‘호타 아라고네사’가 사용되었다. 이와 같은 스페인 민속리듬의 운용 뿐 아니라, 본 논문에서는 시의 각운 분석을 통해 가사의 행과 연의 구조분석과 시상을 해석한 후 음악적으로 어떻게 연관성을 갖는지도 확인했다. 시와 음악의 관계 분석과 각 곡에 담긴 스페인 민속음악 리듬 운용에 대한 분석은 피아노 연주자로서 이 작품의 리듬을 살리는 데 도움이 될 것이다.