『茶經』을 통해 본 唐代의 飮茶文化 硏究

Abstract

세계 최초의 茶 전문 서적이며 茶에 관한 百科全書라고 할 수 있는 陸羽의 『茶經』은 茶의 經典으로 茶의 이론과 실제를 정립시켜 唐代의 대중적인 飮茶風潮를 형성하는데 절대적인 영향을 미쳤다. 본 연구는 陸羽의 『茶經』속에 나타난 唐代의 飮茶文化를 살펴봄으로써 唐代 以前의 정립되지 않았던 많은 茶에 관한 문제들을 어떻게 체계화시켰는가를 살펴보는데 목적이 있다. 唐代는 餠茶(떡茶) 중심의 시대로 떡茶를 가루내어 항아리나 병속에 넣어 湯水를 부어 마시는 痛茶와 파, 생강, 대추, 귤껍질, 수유, 박하 등을 茶와 함께 넣어 끓인 茶가 성행했으며 陸羽가 만들고 완성시킨 煮茶法에 의하여 茶의 精華인 수발과 함께 마시는 차가 있었다. 陸羽는 茶의 떫은 맛을 없애고 맛을 돕기 위하여 소금을 넣었을 뿐 파, 생강, 대추 등을 넣지 않는 순수한 眞香眞味의 茶를 추구했다. 陸羽는 餠茶를 만드는데 필요한 茶具와 茶를 끓여 마시는데 사용되는 茶器를 정립함으로써 製茶法과 飮茶法을 체계화시켰고, 飮茶法중 '三拂湯辨'은 후세에 미친 영향이 매우 크며 이 湯辨에 맞춰 茶를 끊이는 煮茶法은 唐末에 시작되어 北宋時代에 꽃피운 點茶法이 탄생하는데 밑거름이 되었다. 또한 陸羽는 일상적인 生活支化인 茶와 정신세계를 접목시켜 精行儉德의 茶精神을 통해 올바른 인간상을 구현하고자 했으며 이는 唐代 茶風의 근간이 되었다. 陸羽는 茶經을 통해 '茶'字, 器具, 製茶, 飮茶 등을 정립시킴으로써 茶의 이론과 실제를 체계화하였고 이로 인해 보편적인 茶文化를 형성하여 중국 茶文化 발전에 큰 영향을 미쳤다는데 큰 가치가 있다.|『Tea Classic』, by Lu Yu which can be referred to as the book to specialize in tea which is first in the world and as the encyclopedia for tea had absolute influence on forming the popular trend to drink tea in Tang period by establishing the theory and practice of tea with the scriptures of tea ceremony. The goal of this study is to examine how many issues about tea which had not been established before Tang period were systematized by examining the culture to drink tea in Tang period which showed in 『Tea Classic』 by Lu Yu. Tang period is the period centering around the tea with rice cake. Then, Am tea to drink by hot water after grinding the tea with rice cake into powder and putting it pot or bottle and the tea boiled by putting onion, ginger, jujube, orange peel, and mint etc. with tea prevailed, and there was the tea that one drinks "froth" which is the essence of tea by the method to boil tea that Lu Yu made and completed. Lu Yu putting only salt and sought the pure tea of real perfume and real taste in which other tea substitute is not put. Lu Yu systematized the method to manufacture tea and the method to drink tea by establishing the tea tool to be necessary for making the tea with rice cake and the tea vessel to be used for boiling and drinking tea. And, as for Sambeetangbyeon out of the method to drink tea, the influence to affect the posterity is very great. And the method to boil tea by fitting to this field became the manure to bear the method which flowered in Northern Sung period after starting in Tang and Sung. Besides, Lu Yu tried to realized right human being image through the tea spirit of clean behavior and thrifty virtue by grafting the tea to be daily life culture into the spirit world, and this became the basis of spirit of tea ceremony of Tang period. There is great value in that Lu Yu systematized the theory and practice of tea by establishing 'tea' character, vessel, manufacturing tea and drinking tea etc. through tea scriptures and had great influence on the development of tea culture of Tang by forming universal tea culture through it.