Purine mediated meiotic arrest in mouse oocytes
- Abstract
- ABSTRACT
Purine mediated meiotic arrest in mouse oocytes
Eunbee Cho
Department of Biology
Graduate School
Sungshin Women’s University
Mammalian oocytes are arrested in meiotic prophase during growth. LH surge triggers the resumption of meiosis. Interestingly, when fully grown competent oocytes are removed from their follicles, they resume the meiosis without hormonal stimulation, suggesting that the follicle provides an inhibitory factors to maintain meiotic arrest. It is well established that cAMP is a key molecule in meiotic arrest. However, recently other molecules including purine have been suggested as a meiotic regulator. The mechanisms of meiotic arrest or delay by purine is not much uncovered. In this study we evaluated the possible mechanisms of purines in meiotic arrest. GV intact oocytes were collected after 46 hr of 5iu pregnant mare’s serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) administration. GV intact oocytes were cultured in BWW medium with or without adenosine receptor antagonists or guanosine pathway inhibitors; A1 receptor antagonist, DCPCX; A2a receptor antagonist, SCH44246; A2b receptor antagonist, MRS1706; A3 receptor antagonist, MRS1334; nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist, CGS15943 or guanosine pathway inhibitor Gpp[NH]p. cAMP and cGMP level of oocytes were analized with Direct EIA Kit. GVB was temporally inhibited by adenosine with concentration dependent in both COCs and DOs. Adenosine A2a receptor treatment accelerated GVB. In addition nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist, CGS15943 also accelerated GVB but others had no effect on meiotic arrest. Adenosine receptor A1, A2a, A2b were mainly localized membrane. Levels of cAMP and cGMP were changed by purines. Gpp[NH] suppressed the effect of guanosine. It is suggested that the environmental factors in follicular fluid may be one of the important factors of meiotic arrest.
|논 문 개 요
난자의 성숙은 난구와 난자간의 상호조절과 시스템 수준의 호르몬 등을 통한 복잡한 과정들에 의해서 조절된다. 성장하는 동안, 제1차 감수분열 전기에 머물러 있던 난자가 배란 직전에 감수분열을 다시 시작하는 것을 난자의 성숙으로 정의한다. 성장하는 동안 제1감수분열 전기에 멈춰져있던 난자는 황체형성호르몬의 급증을 통해 감수분열의 재개가 유도된다. 다 자란 난자가 난포에서 유리되면 호르몬의 자극 없이도 감수분열의 재개가 일어나는데 이를 바탕으로 난포가 감수분열 저지를 유지시키는 억제 물질들을 제공할 것이라고 제안되었다. 1970년대 이후 cAMP는 감수분열 저지에 있어서 중요한 역할을 한다는 것은 잘 알려져 있다. 높은 수준의 cAMP는 감수분열의 재개를 억제한다. 최근에는 cAMP뿐 아니라 퓨린을 포함한 다른 분자들이 감수분열의 조절자로서 제안되고 있다. 이전 연구에서 adenosine은 자발적 감수분열 재개를 늦추었으며 guanosine은 처리 농도에서 감수분열을 억제함을 밝혔다. 퓨린에 의한 감수분열 저지의 메커니즘은 난포내로 이동하여 cAMP 전구물로 되는 것 등이 제안되고 있으나 아직 많이 밝혀져 있지 않다. 신경세포 등에서 퓨린 수용체가 밝혀졌고 이들에 의해 신경세포 활동이 조절됨이 밝혀지고 있다. 이상의 여러 현상을 바탕으로 adenosine과 guanosine이 난포내 그들의 수용체를 매개로 감수분열 재개를 억제할 가능성이 있음을 추론할 수 있었으로 이를 바탕으로 이 실험에서는 퓨린의 감수분열 억제 기능이 난자 자체의 퓨린 수용체를 통하여 조절되는 가를 알아보았다. Adenosine 수용체들 각각 그리고 있는 것으로 추정되는 guanosine 수용체에 특이적으로 작용하는 길항제와 촉진제를 GV 상태의 난자에 처리하여 핵 성숙에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 미성숙 난자와 난구에서 adenosine 수용체의 발현을 real-time PCR과 wholemount immunofluorescenc를 통하여 확인하였다. 난구-난자-복함형태의 난자의 핵 성숙은 A2a를 처리한 군에서 adenosine의 효과를 감소시켰으며, 난구가 제거된 난자에서는 모든 수용체의 길항제들이 adenosine의 효과를 감소시켰다. 전사수준에서 A1, A2a, A2b, A3는 난구에 비하여 100 배 이상 높았다. 모든 수용체가 검출되었으며 이중 A2b의 전사수준이 제일 높았다. 전사수준에서의 발현 뿐만이 아니라 단백질 수준에서도 발현이 되었는데 A1, A2a, A2b 단백질이 난자의 막과 핵에 위치하였고 A3의 경우 난자 전체에 고르게 위치하였다. A2b는 핵에 강하게 그러나 난자의 막에는 약하게 분포하는 특징을 보였다. 한편 guanosine은 농도의존적으로 감수분열 제개를 억제하였으며 난포액내 guanosine의 양은 난포의 성장과 함께 증가하였다. Adenosine과 guanosine은 체외 성숙 동안에 난자 세포질내의 cAMP와 cGMP의 양적 변화를 유도하였다. 이러한 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 난자 내에 adenosine 수용체들이 존재하고 있으며 adenosine이 그 수용체들을 통하여 감수분열을 매개할 것이라고 생각하였다. 본 연구에서 guanosine이 수용체를 통하여 조절하는 것을 보이지는 못했으나 농도 의존적 반응을 통하여 그 가능성을 추정할 수 있었다. 향후 추가적 연구를 통하여 이를 밝히고자 하며, 이러한 연구는 포유동물의 감수분열 조절에 필요한 기반 지식을 구축하는데 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.
- Author(s)
- 조은비
- Issued Date
- 2014
- Awarded Date
- 2014-02
- Type
- Dissertation
- URI
- https://repository.sungshin.ac.kr/handle/2025.oak/1782
http://dcollection.sungshin.ac.kr/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000008912
- Alternative Author(s)
- Eunbee Joe
- Affiliation
- 성신여자대학교 대학원
- Department
- 일반대학원 생물학과
- Advisor
- 전용필
- Table Of Contents
- CONTENTS
Abstract (Korean)
List of Tables
List of Figures
Introduction·········································································1
Materials and Methods···························································4
Experimental Animals··························································4
Oocyte collection·································································4
Chemical treatment·····························································4
Total RNA isolation and first strand cDNA synthesis······················································5
Real-Time RT-PCR······························································6
Immunofluorescence···························································6
Follicular fluid collection and analysis the amount of guanosine············································································6
Statistics··············································································7
Results··················································································10
Effects of adenosine receptor antagonists in meiotic arrest in cumulus-enclosed oocytes and denuded oocytes············10
Adenosine receptors expressed in both oocyte and cumulus cell······································································13
Localization of adenosine receptors in oocyte····················15
Changes of cAMP and cGMP levels in mouse oocytes during in vitro maturation by adenosine and guanosine····17
Effects of guanosine on meiotic resumption·····················19
Quantitative change of guanosine in mouse follicular fluid···················································································21
Discussion··············································································23
References··············································································27
- Degree
- Master
- Publisher
- 성신여자대학교 대학원
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