Francis Poulenc Sonate pour Flûte et Piano 분석연구

Abstract

프란시스 뿔렝끄(Francis Poulenc,1899-1963)는 20세기 초반 프랑스를 대표하는 작곡가이다. 그는 표제주의적인 작풍보다는 형식과 선율의 명확성과 단순성을 중시하고, 대위법을 포함한 전통적인 양식을 추구하였다. 그의 대부분의 음악은 매우 간결하고 절제되어 있으며 쾌활하고 가볍게 작곡되었다. 특히 그의 작품에서는 그가 선율을 가장 본질적인 요소로 들고 있음을 알 수 있다. 성악적인 특징을 가진 유연한 흐름의 선율이 과감한 현대적 화성 리듬 작곡기법과 어우러져 풍부한 프랑스적 색채로 표현된 것이 뿔렝끄의 작품 특색이다. 뿔렝끄의 기악작품은 다수의 관현악곡, 실내악 작품과 독주곡이 있다. 그중 <Sonate pour Flûte et Piano>는 소나타이면서 동시에 각 악장마다 소부제가 있어 표제적인 성격을 내포하고 있고, 각 악장의 구성면에서 고전소나타 형식과 다른 모습을 보인다. 또한 플루트의 선율적인 요소와 뿔렝끄의 선율흐름위주의 작곡기법의 접목이 고전적 형식에 현대적 작곡기법을 도입한 뿔렝끄만의 음악적 색채와 어우러져 있는 작품이다. 본 논문에서는 뿔렝끄의 생애와 작품, 고전소나타 형식을 살펴보았다. 그리고 <Sonate pour Flûte et Piano>작품을 각 악장별로 고전 소나타형식과 비교하여 연구하였다. 본 논문에서 악보는 Chester Music Revised edition, 1994 를 사용하였다.| Francis Poulenc (1899-1963) is a leading composer of early 20thcentury rance. Poulenc asserted to return to French classics such as the clarity and simplicity of the structure and melody, the revival of the counterpoint and etc. Poulenc’s works are various in genres including songs, chamber music, oratorials, operas, ballet music, orchestras and etc. most of which are humorous yet concise and restrained. In exception, there are some large scale chorus’ or operas that have serious and heavy moods but most of the pieces are composed cheerfully and lightly. This is due to the lyrical melody that is a characteristic of all of Poulenc’s works. Poulenc mostly leads his music with freely flowing melodies with diverse harmonies which is a romantic composing technique to create an abundant French color. Poulenc’s instrumental music pieces were composed all around his life time. Especially, the three duo sonatas, <Sonata for Clarinet and Piano>, <Sonata for Oboe and Piano>, <Sonata for Flute and Piano> are beautiful songs that represent French duo sonatas. <Sonata for Flute and Piano> which will be studied in this thesis is one of the representing songs that show Poulenc music’s characteristics. Each movement has its own beautiful melody and there are three movements that is the traditional form, the first movement is a sonata, the second movement is a duet form and the third movement is a rondo form. However, Poulenc did not follow the traditional sonata form but reformed and developed it. Each movement has a subtheme so that the music is expressed in more detail and the relatively large exposition of the first movement and the main melody continuously appears in different forms. Furthermore, there are many chromatic scales, skips and counterfeit imitating techniques. in addition, although it doesn’t follow the irregular rhythm system or the traditional tonality system, there is a harmony system that occurs based on the main note. Especially the dissonance made by chromatic scales and various harmonies that move to far keys gives an abundant French color. The first main subject and the second main subject of the exposition of the first movement deals with a different subject and includes a passage, and this song is similar to a traditional sonata in that it is rearranged with many different forms of elements in one subject. The development does not show the development of the elements in the exposition like the traditional sonata but there is a new motive and element for a new part. The recapitulation reappear the elements of the main melody of the exposition but the arrangement is in a different form. The third movement, rondo form has the same struc Moreover, by using the flute’s melody elements and the piano’s various harmonies, Poulenc expressed the song’s dramatic effect with harmonies but he didn’t limit the role of the piano instrument as just an accompaniment for the harmony. The piano also takes parts in the main melody and collaborates with the flute as a decorating accompaniment. Poulenc uses these two instruments well to create diverse sound effects that contributed to the dramatic effects of the song. Likewise, based on Poulenc’s life, his works, traditional sonata structures and etc, this paper studied the musical traits of this song and analyzed Poulenc’s flute sonata. Therefore it is possible to understand the overall structure of this song and the difference between traditional sonata and Poulenc’s sonata.