C. T. Griffes의 美國歌曲에 나타난 音樂과 詩에 관한 比較調査硏究 : Four Impression을 中心으로

Abstract

본 논문은 미국 인상주의를 열었던 Charles T. Griffes의 가곡을 가지고 학문적 가치를 두면서 가곡연구나 분석연구에 대한 새로운 시도를 하려고 한다. 20c초 미국의 대표적인 작곡가중 한 사람으로서 독일 낭만주의를 거쳐, 프랑스 인상주의의 영향을 받으며, 미국적이고 개성적인 음악을 창조해 냈던 Griffes가 보여준 가곡 역시 독창적이고 뛰어난 작곡기법을 보여주며, 미국 음악 사상 중요한 의미를 지니고 있음을 볼 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 가곡의 기원과 변천과정에 대한 이해, 시인(詩人)의 생애와 작품 경향에 대해 알아보고, 작곡자의 작품경향을 연구하였다. 전 4곡으로 구성된 ＜Four impression＞의 작품 분석을 통해 연주자로서의 학문적 연구도 필요함을 강조해 보았다.|It has examined and studied Griffes' songs, Four Impression, so far. For a theoretical background, it's mentioned about song's developments and changes, especially changes of Europe song, which are mother of American song, and examined an origin of American song branched out from Europe's. As examined impressionist music that Griffes pursued through his music, impressionism of French and American influenced by French are studied. An author of the poem used in the song, namely the poet's cultural, political, and social background are examined to help for understanding to the poem. Prior to analyze Griffes' songs, the world of his work, his life and periodical work tendency are examined and the list of his songs classified by making a chart. The work consisted of 4 songs was analyzed by setting units for overall forms and structure, and tune analysis and accompaniment study. The 'Four Impression', consisted of 4 songs, is the one for which tunes are given to a poem of Oscar Wilde, who was an aesthetic and each tune reflects American impressionist characteristics well. Firstly, in 『Le Jardin (The Garden)』, it 's expressed late fall's mood using a composition of e b minor to reflect the poet's gloomy feeling and makes a sense of color more abundant by frequent using of dissonances and chromatic scales. Secondly, in 『Impression du Matin(Early Morning in London)』, it's tried to closely link a concept of spacial movement appeared in the poem to the poetic situation with frequent changes of beats and tempos. It proposes to exquisitely use two pedals of the piano to form overall mood of the song. Thirdly, in 『La Mer(The Sea)』, changes of comparative form like A vs.B and poetic mood are expressed through music and a variety pursued by using non-harmonic sound and chromatic scales despite of a minor composition as a whole. Forth, 『Le Reveillon(Dawn)』 is the most romantic song among 4 songs to set off accompaniments rather than songs in the climax having a prelude and a postlude seem to remind of finale. In a spacial visual approach, it's to examine and study Griffes' works expressed in a pictorial form of music as a composing technique, which tries to describe an existential appearance to be seen by eyes through the light, through an analysis of appearances expressed in one of impressionist features in style in accordance with musical form. It's known that the impressionist music was created in a higher artistic level when visual elements were changed into acoustic elements through a process of settlement by a medium of poems by an American composer. It's expected that the study is needed in a point that more right play would be done by fully studying and understanding intentions of poets and composers.