여성결혼이민자의 식생활 실태 및 적응도가 자녀의 성장발달에 미치는 영향

Abstract

According to the demographic factors such as the unbalance of sex ratio, decrease in birth rate, phenomena of late marriage, the increase of spinster?s rate and sociocultural factors such as globalization and the change in values, recently international marriages have been increased rapidly in our society since 2000 to transit to multicultural, multiracial society. Among these the rate of married immigrant women occupy 89.2% at present and accordingly the number of multicultural families? children has been increased in a large scale. In this situation there have been lots of studies for their sociocultural adjustments, however women marriage immigrants? adaptation to their dietary pattern and the studies of their dietary factors relating to their pregnancies⋅births⋅fostering children are in the beginning stage. Therefore present writer started this study to catch the factors to affect in the adaptation of married immigrant women?s dietary pattern through the analysis on the reality of their dietary lives in korea and to survey their relation with children?s growth, as well as to improve their management for proper dietary behaviors and to help their children?s healthy growth. The research has been done between 14 September, 2010 and 9 November, 2011 at the multicultural family supporting centers in Seoul and Kyeonggi province by the Questionnaires and in-depth interviews for those taking a Korean lesson in intermediate class and advanced class. The research consists of questionnaire and interviews in 6 categories including the general characteristic of married immigrant women, food environments in Korea, the evaluation of children?s growth and development, the factors to adjust mothers in korean dietary habits and their relations to children?s growth and development. Most of them were in such cases as the average age of the married immigrant women participated in this survey was 29.4, and their duration of residence was 2~4 years, the number of children was one. Their Korean abilities were average and their family income were low in general since the percentage of the family whose income a month is less than 2 million won was 42.8%, the opinion to show satisfaction to Korean lives was much(44.4%) however there were opinion to express difficulties in applying korean life in the order of language problem(38.1%), fosterage of children(22.2%), difference in food culture(11.1%). The duration to be acquainted with Korean food was short(46%), and their satisfaction rate to Korean food was also high(65%). BMI before and after their immigration was low weight 33.3%->30.2%, normal weight 58.7%->57.1%, over weight 4.8%->6.3%, obese 3.2%->6.3% so low weight and normal weight have been decreased and over weight and obese have been increased comparing to the period before immigration, therefore it is known that their nutrition was improved after immigration. The evaluation of children?s growth status shows following result, the number of the babies who have less than 50th growth percentile in weight and height at birth was 51%, 56.6% respectively and the number of the children who have present growth percentile less than 50th in weight and height was 51.9%, 46.2%, 63.5% respectively so this shows the number of low growth rate at birth as well as present case is more than half. The result to analyze the relation between the factors of the mothers? adaptation to Korean food and childrens? growth & development shows that the higher the mothers are before and after immigration, the more meaningful difference comes in their children?s weight(p<0.01) and height(p<0.05) with the higher group of percentile in the growth chart, and the shorter the mothers do in adapting themselves to Korean food, the more meaningful difference comes in their children?s height with the higher group of percentile in the growth chart(p<0.05). The factors that influence their Korean food environments indicate that female marriage immigrants who have tried Korean food before they came to Korea had shorter period for the adaptation(p<0.05). The problem related with dietary lives of married immigrant women?s during pregnancies, births, fosterage of children shows that they had low weight(56.3%) before being pregnant low weight increase less than 11.5kg(50%) when pregnant. It was shown that the dosage of nutritional supplements was 75% for medicine of folic acid, 56.3% for medicine containing high iron, 12.5% for overall nutritional supplements. The difficulties in adapting themselves to Korean food was found in morning sickness when pregnant and in the postnatal care food different from their mother countries? after birth. In general they expressed the difficulties in information and utilization of media for the dietary behaviors caused by language communication problem therefore their use of the concerning program was also low. This communication problem prevents the married immigrant women from performing mothers? role smoothly as primary fostering circumstance therefore they start weaning diet after 6~12 months(77.7%) from the birth date and they showed the problem in managing their dietary practices so called unbalanced diet(44.4%) for their children. Therefore including the solution of communication problem, the development of customized dietary life education program for the married immigrant women and studies for their adaptation to korean dietary environments should be continued. As well as the continuous interests and political support from government and local society are required.