孟子 敎育 哲學思想에 관한 硏究

Abstract

본 논문에서는 맹자의 시대적 배경과 교육철학의 본질인 性善 사상을 규명함으로써 교육의 목적을 알아보고 이 같은 목적을 달성하기 위해 교육 내용과 교육 방법론을 고찰함으로써 현대 인성 교육의 미숙한 점을 보완하고 강조하여 맹자 철학사상의 현대적 의미를 찾아보고자 한다.

This thesis is what studied the thought of Mencius entering around the Mencius from the view point of the educational philosophy. He is being called as a greet philosopher, politician and educator. It is because the character and virtue of Mencius implanted the respect and ideal to descendants, and his thought and learning had influence on orientalism up to day. One side, because they have contributed toward the development of mankind culture and moral philosophy largely. Mencius lived at the period of the age of wars when the rule order was disturbed and the order reached an extreme. At the time, the problem of natural mind was not the subject what thinkers was interested. But Mencius suggested the methode to examine the essence of nature mind. It was closely restored and revealed the original state of natural mind. First, he recognized that the human essence is in nature mind. Then he understood that the human heart has the good natural mind in its inside originally. Thus, he recognaized that human originality is the original good natural mind to be distinguished from the natural mind of animals, and he thought that the wicked side of human being is caused by the outside influence phenomenally. This human good original natural mind is based on perfect virtue, justice, etiquette and intellect. With that, the purpose of Mencius education is that he human become the well-sounded figure who has all the virtues equally. Second, this researcher classified the educational thought of Mencius into education good, education contents, and education method. The aim of education was the Cultivation of true man who is the ideal person of character. The contents of education was the expantion of Sandan(四端), the great temper, unmoving heart, cultivating, moral govened rules which is the Five Human Relation, and so on. At for the education method, this researcher examined with individualigation study, spontaneous study, development study and practice study, student education method, cultivation of education circumstantion, and so on. I think the essential point of Mencius humanity idea is pursuing the right of human being. So how to being up the right of human being is an aims of Mencius education. The education thought of Mencius laid emphasis on achieving the moral social order on the basis of the individual educational philosophy.