조선조 주자학의 정치사상적 성격

Abstract

본 논문은 사상과 사회와의 관련을 염두에 두면서, 유교에 있어서의 정치적 사유의 특질이 시대에 따라서 어떻게 전개되었는가를 존왕과 민본을 중심으로 검토하고, 주자학을 수입한 조선에 있어서 존왕과 민본이 어떻게 교차하면서 사림파 사대부 계층의 이데올로기로 정착되며, 또 조선조 사대부 계층의 중화적 세계관을 수용하는 계기로 연결되는지를 알아보려 한다.

This study examined how the characteristics of the Confucian political ideology changed between 'king-centered' and 'people-centered'. This paper also analyzed the process of Chuzahak(朱子學) being established as the main ideology of the opportunity for Chosun to accept China-centered world view as its view of the outer world. This study found out that the Confucian political ideology did not just protect absolute monarchy, rather respected the people as well as controlling the power of king. The political function of the Confucian ideology also changed as mainstream group in charge of determining ideology of each times shifted its focus from 'king-centered' to 'people-centered,' or vice versa. Taking root as main ideology of the Salimpa-sadaebu, Chuzahak of Chosun dynasty controlled the monarch power for the sake of the people and mitigated adverse effects of the absolute monarchy. The universal and normative world view of Chuzahak, developed following the political disposition of the sadaebu(朱子學) class which played a mediating role between the king and the people, accepted China-centered world view to build the basic structure of world view held by the ruling and the intellectual classes. This study analyzed the political ideology aspects of Chuzahak of Chosun dynasty while considering the relationship between internal logics of ideologies and preconditions of the political world for establishing such ideologies or knowledge system. I hope that more profound studies based upon this methodology will contiune after this study.