韓國 所得分配 構造

Abstract

본 논문은 대다수 국민들이 느끼고 있는 빈부격차의 심화, 분배구조의 악화와 통계상으로 나타나는 분배구소의 개선이라는 상반된 결과를 어떻게 이해하여야 하는가? 단지 소득분배의 불평등에 대한 국민의 용인도가 하락한 것에 기인하는가? 아니면 통계상의 오류나 또 다른 요인에 기인하는 것인가? 하는 문제를 해명하는 것을 목적으로 한다.

The purpose of this study is to analyse the income distribution structure in Korea. This study is composed of three detailed analyses of the following : 1) the income distribution fluctuations in Korea, 2) the wealth distribution and the land distribution in Korea, 3) the effects of land distribution upon the income distribution. While it is generally accepted that income distribution structure in Korea is evaluated to be comparatively good in comparison with Korea's past high economic growth rate during past decades, it appears that the income distribution ha been deteriorated taking into account capital gains from land in recent years. This phenomenon is owing to the fact that past most studies and available data used in studies aiming at measuring income distribution structure in Korea were chiefly concentrated on urban household and formal sectors. Therefore it is likely that income distribution inequality in Korea has been underestimated. There are, however, many factors influencing income distribution structure in Korea which are unofficial and unmeasured incomes derived from informal sector. One of them is realized capital gain from land. In Korea, the land is very unequally distributed. For example the Gini coefficient of land distribution is 0.85(1989). This unequal land distribution badly affected income distribution by way of realized capital gain from land. The scale of realized capital gain in 1988 is estimated 13-40 billion won. This enormous capital gain only belongs to upper class of land owner aggravate income distribution structure.