관립공업전습소의 용기화교육과 주체성 고찰 - 농상공부소관 『관립공업전습소일람(官立工業傳習所一覽)』(1909)의 검토를 통해서 -

Abstract

본 연구는 지금까지 공업전습소에 대한 선행연구에서 한일합방 이전 1909년에 발행된 농상공부소관의 『관립공업전습소일람』이라는 문헌에 대한 검토가 부재하였다는 점에 주목하였다. 그리하여 한일합방 이후 조선총독부 산하에서 1915년에 발행된 『조선총독부공업전습소일람』을 주요 문헌으로 삼아 한일합방 이전의 농상공부소관의 관립공업전습소의 운영체계까지 아울러 연구, 검토되게 되었고 고종 시대의 상공학교 관제를 토대로 주체적으로 실시하고자 했던 실업교육과 용기화교육의 차원에서 관립공업전습소가 고찰되지 못하였다. ‘관립공업전습소’와 ‘조선총독부공업전습소’의 명칭에 대한 구별도 모호한 채로 관립공업전습소 설립에 관한 기록 또한 『조선총독부공업전습소일람』에 게재된 시설도면과 사진으로 불분명하게 정리되어 있었다. 이것은 농상공부소관의 관립공업전습소의 활동사항과 일람에 대한 정보가 없었기 때문에 갑오개혁과 1899년의 상공학교의 관제의 개편으로 설립된 대한제국기의 관립공업전습소에 대해 1910년 한일합방이후에 발간된 ‘조선총독부공업전습소’의 정보를 중심으로 식민지수탈론적 입장에서 식민지경영을 위한 부속기관과 같이 해석되어 온 것으로 보인다. 본 연구에서는 1909년에 발행된 농상공부소관의 『관립공업전습소일람』과 조선총독부소속에서 1915년에 발행된 『조선총독부공업전습소일람』을 비교, 검토하여 조선총독부공업전습소의 자료를 중심으로 모호하게 대체된 관립공업전습소의 교육내용과 시설배치에 대한 역사기록에 대해서 재고했다. 또한 광무개혁의 연장에서 기계생산에 의한 근대적이 산업화의 의지를 엿볼 수 있는 고종의 용기화교육의 비중이 한일합방이전 관립공업전습소의 교육과정에 상당부분 차지하고 있었음을 논증했다. 이와 같은 관립공업전습소의 설립과 교육과정에 대한 본연구를 통해 개항기 조선의 갑오개혁, 대한제국의 광무개혁 등 근대화를 위한 주체적 노력을 기울인 시기에 대해 주목하고 일제강점기와 구별하여 비교, 검토해야 함을 시사하고자 한다.

This study paid attention to the fact that there has been no review of The Catalog of National Industrial Training Center published by the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce in 1909 before Japanese Colonial Period. Therefore, until now, the previous researches have used The Catalog of National Industrial Training Center of the Japanese Government-General of Korea published in 1915 under the Japanese Government-General of Korea as a major material, while also studying about National Industrial Training Center under the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce in 1907-1910 before being colonized by Japan during Joseon Dynasty and Korean empire period. Thus, the previous research for this modern National Industrial Training Center could not be considered in terms of modern vocational education and mechanical drawing education, which were intended to be conducted independently before being colonized by Japan. On top of that, the distinction between the names of the ‘National Industrial Training Center’ and the ‘National Industrial Training Center of the Japanese Government-General of Korea’ is ambiguous, because The Catalog of National Industrial Training Center has not been found and not used as a historical records. Not only that, but The Catalog of National Industrial Training Center of the Japanese Government-General of Korea has been only used as a historical record even for the ‘National Industrial Training Center’ during Korean empire period together. There were several mis-records about years and photos for the ‘National Industrial Training Center’ in 1909, because that data came from The Catalog of National Industrial Training Center of the Japanese Government-General of Korea(1915), not The Catalog of National Industrial Training Center(1909). This study reconsidered the arrangement of facilities and historical records of buildings related to The Catalog of National Industrial Training Center published by the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce in 1909. In addition, it seems to have been interpreted as an affiliated institution for colonial management from the standpoint of colonial exploitation, even though focusing on the information of the ‘National Industrial Training Centerl’(1907-1909). In this study, The Catalog of National Industrial Training Center published by the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce in 1909 and The Catalog of National Industrial Training Center of the Japanese Government-General of Korea published in 1915 under the Japanese Government-General of Korea were mainly compared and reviewed. As a result, this study considered that the ‘National Industrial Training Center’ which was established on the basis of the Gabo Reform in 1894 and the reorganization of the commerce and industry school management system in 1899, while having the vision for the modern industrial and vocational education. The ‘mechanical drawing education’ which was for the mechanical and industrial production was the big part of ‘National Industrial Training Center’ curriculum. It showed that Kojong empire in Korean empire period had the big interested in modern industiral production, but that the part of ‘mechanical drawing education’ was dramatically decreasing in the ‘National Industrial Training Center of the Japanese Government-General of Korea’ after being colonized and organizing under the Japanese Government-General of Korea. It means that the ‘National Industrial Training Center of the Japanese Government-General of Korea’ had another goals for the colonial management by Japan. This study on the establishment and curriculum of the ‘National Industrial Training Center’ is intended to suggest that the period of independent efforts for modernization such as the Gabo Reform of Joseon during the opening of ports and the Gwangmu Reform of the Korean Empire. It should be compared and reviewed with Japanese colonial period as a part of Korean modern history to think of independent efforts for modernization.