한국전쟁기 후방 치안유지와 경찰

Abstract

Police was recognized in negative as police oriented Japan because police men of Japan imperialism were employed without any restrain. Police implemented an important role for national establishment centering to right wing. On the process, police used the force heading anti-communism. After the government established, police was rearranged to security department under the ministry of home affairs but the role did not become different. Without human resource reform and policy renovation, it was used politically in lots of parts rather than security maintaining for people. In the beginning of Korean war, police was rearranged as the emergency guard general headquarter inside the security department from the 29th of June to the 15th of July. The emergency guard general headquarter of the security department made the head of security officers as the general commander and changed the organization to combat units that deployed 4 staffs` units such as administration, intelligence, mission and communication, the emergency guard headquarter of each province should follow the command. Also, with arranging combat police headquarter, police proceeded military activity which suppressing guerrilla through cooperating activity with military. After then, the combat police unit of west-south area kept acting, and suppressed guerrilla until 1956 after armistice. South Korean police number which was around 8000 soon after liberation became above 25,000 in 1946, and reached to 63,427 in 1951. The time which the number of police was increased the most was from 1951 to 1952, and police was mobilized to guerrilla suppression at the time. As guerrilla was getting weaken, the number of police was getting decreased. During Korean war, police grew up in terms of quantity the most, the reason was why it had to be a role of military. However, expansion quantitatively made up in hurry under the war circumstance, it finally caused many troubles in the rear security. Police during Korean war was hard to maintain even security that was their mission although it was arranged to war organization when establishing. In guerrilla suppression, military was a head of police which had bound in battle capacity. Police was increased up to 63,000 for military role in war like guerrilla suppression, but it was not known if police activated efficiently for maintaining security in the rear. As equipment and battle capacity was poor, police was mobilized with military for suppressing guerrilla. Besides, police did not succeed a quite for the issue getting confidence from local people which was the fundamental to suppress guerilla. Quantitative expansion of police according to war system was temporary like big reduce of police number after armistice, there were many troubles owing to it.